Excessive consumption of junk food is one of the major answers to, “Why are children obese?”. The majority of junk food substances is rich in fat content. Their size is often enormous. Hence, they always contain an abundance of calories. Some shocking facts about junk food include:

Unhealthy munchies:
Your children generally get hungry much ahead the subsequent regular meal. So they tend to consume munchies more repeatedly. If your children happen to choose for snacks containing an abundance of sugar like, toffees, chocolates, and cakes, then this leads to a gain in excessive body fat. Of course, this explains, “Why are children obese?”. Apart from this, your children consume only two portions of fresh fruit and green leafy vegetables in a day, which is unhealthy for your children.

Consumption of soft drinks:
Soft drinks are available all over, and they are a genuine problem. Carbonated/fizzy drinks form a major source of added sugar in your child’s diet. Being low-priced than a bottle of water, Your children are easily able to procure beverages like Coke, Pepsi, Fanta, etc., with their pocket money. Hence, it is not amazing to understand, “Why are children obese?”.

Fatty foods:
Consumption of surplus fat can be a reason for, “Why are children obese?”. Nevertheless, fat is an essential part of a healthy diet for your children. You should remember that your kids require certain fatty acids for their proper growth and development, like omega 3 fatty acids.

Food with a high Glycemic Index:
Glycemic Index, abbreviated as GI, is a status of carbohydrates based on the level to which they increase glucose levels in the blood. The average scale ranges between 0-100. Normally, rapid instability in blood sugar levels is caused by food with a high GI. Studies have reported that, an increased appetite is caused by intake of food containing high GI foods, because this leads to inapt insulin response. Hence you should be aware of that, intake of high GI food has been related to excessive ingestion and obesity.

Insufficient physical activity:
Decreased amount of outdoor physical activities is undoubtedly associated with excessive weight gain in your children. Nowadays, with the present day of lifestyle kids spend most of their time either sitting in front of the television, or playing computer games. Additionally, the latest technologies have made them more prone to lead a sedentary way of lifestyle, like the use of bed switches to switch off the lights before going to sleep at night, remote control to switch off the television, etc. Your children also prefer to use lifts instead of steps, or get into a vehicle to even to go to a nearby shop. They hardly get any exercise to keep themselves fit. They hardly burn an adequate amount of calories from the food consumed by them. This explains, “Why are children obese?”.

Monitoring height and weight in your children:
The ideal weight for the matching height in your children is the 50th percentile line. For instance, if your child’s ideal weight is 20kg, and his/her actual weight is 26 kg; Then your child’s actual weight exceeds the ideal weight by more than 30%. Hence your child is obese.

Body Mass Index:
Body Mass Index abbreviated as BMI, is less correct in measuring how and why are your children obese. These BMI charts are intended to help measure normal weight development during various phases of growth in your children. There are separate charts available for boys and girls.

Genetic factors:
Some children are genetically more prone to become obese. Studies have shown that, if one or both parents are obese, their children are more likely to become obese. The role of genetic factors as to “Why are children obese?”, is about 40%. The conclusion following a study of 300 obese children by the University of Cambridge was that, absence of a fundamental segment of DNA can be an answer to, “Why are children obese?”.

Negligence of parents:
According to a study conducted last year in the Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth, as a result of their busy schedule, nearly 75% of parents hardly find time to recognize their child was obese. About 33% of mothers, and 57% of fathers, thought that their child’s weight was normal, whereas the truth was that, they were obese. According to the opinion of some health experts, parents may even live longer than their children.

Junk food intake even by toddlers:
A study conducted by Mother & Baby magazine, reported that nearly nine toddlers out of 10, consume junk food. Some of their most favorite foods include chocolates, chips, biscuits, cakes, crisps, etc. At the same time you should remember that, this is simply the tip of an iceberg! Generally, as your children get older, their daily diet get worse because they start consuming more food outside the home. Certainly, according to Sodexho, which is a school meals catering company; about 549 million pounds are spent in a year, by children in the age group between 8-16 years, on the way to and from their school. They usually spend the maximum on items like confectionery, crispy foods and fizzy drinks. This accounts for almost an increase of 213% in simply a period of seven years!

A recent study on “Why are children obese?”:
According to the shocking statistical report from a recent survey in the UK, 25% of boys and 33% of girls in the age ranging from two to 19 years, are obese. There are hardly any signs of slowing down of its incidence rate. As per recent studies, about 25% of kids are obese. Poor academic performance is found in obese children as they often suffer from sleep apnea

So, why are children obese? Sadly, there is hardly any mystery! Quite simply, the majority of your children has become victimized to sedentary lifestyle habits, and consume a diet which is packed with fast food. Hence, apart from genetic factors, these environmental and lifestyle factors play a major role in this regard.

This video shows 5 ways to stay focused on positive in this negative world. In this video Bob Mangroo describes ways to stay positive. Bob explains these 5 ways by giving examples and explanations.

It shows how to lead with a positive mind. It tells you to be cautious. It urges people to find solutions instead of complaining all the time. It explains why spending time with yourself, alone is sometimes necessary. And finally, why you should help someone in need.

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Healthy smoothies for kids help you to add some vegetables into your kids’ daily intake; and they will hardly become aware of.  And even though they did notice, they will hardly complain.  Making healthy smoothies for kids is an enjoyable method to get your kids involved in inventing a nourishing drink.  These smoothies are easy to make, and all that you require is a blender.  Home-produced smoothies are healthy for your kids, as you can add a variety of good things into it.  It’s a marvelous way to initiate them to healthy eating practice.  

Start with fruit smoothies initially:  Introducing your kids to fruit smoothies first, would be a good idea.  This way, they will get habituated to love smoothies.   Following this, gradually you can add a vegetable or two.  You can begin with carrots.  Being naturally sweet, the savor goes well with fruits like apples, oranges, pears, etc.

Naming tips:  Be artistic.  Your kids generally love foodstuff or drinks having attractive names which appeal to the typeset they are familiar with.  Generally, every parents wish their kids to consume healthy foods.  Of course, this is easier to say, but when it comes to practical application, it is not so easy.

Preparation of chocolate and fruity smoothies:  Healthy smoothies for kids, with a chocolate flavor can be nourishing for your kids, if a healthy mixture of ingredients is used.  Put in one cup of chocolate flavored almond milk, one tablespoon of cocoa powder, half cup of fresh or iced up strawberries, one full banana and half cup of ice in your blender.  Blend these constituents obtain a chocolate-flavored, banana fruit-improved smoothie for your kids.  An adequate amounts of fiber along with plant-based proteins are present in this type of healthy smoothies for kids.   Additionally, if you utilize soya milk which is enhanced with omega-3 fatty acids, you can add to your child’s consumption of heart-friendly amino acids.

Some tips while using bananas to make healthy smoothies for kids:  Remove the peels from the bananas, and break them into small pieces, about an inch in length.  Then  freeze them up in Ziplock bags.  This removes away the pressure into your blender!  You should remember that, your bananas should be extremely ripe, to retain the sweetness of the smoothie.  If required, you may add a teaspoon of honey, or maple syrup.

Tofu smoothies:  Though Tofu hardly has any flavor on its own, but it can retain the taste of another foodstuffs. By preparing a tofu-based smoothie, you can provide your kids with an adequate amount of proteins, along with a superior quality source of calcium.  Moreover, you can also purchase tofu which is supplemented with even more calcium than its natural calcium content.  Put in half cup of silky-smooth tofu, 1 cup of iced up mixed berries, one-quarter cup of orange juice and 1/2 cup of ice, in your blender.  If you wish to add some omega-3 fatty acids, then spread half tablespoon of ground flax seed into your blender.  Blend the constituents.  Thus, healthy smoothies for kids is ready.  The berries present in the smoothies, will provide the required quantities of healthy fibers to your child.

Nutty flavored smoothies:  Your kids will enjoy this smoothie, if they happen to like the taste of peanut butter.  Put together one quarter cup of soft peanut butter, half cup of strawberries, half cup of raspberries, one full banana, half cup of soya milk and half cup of ice in a blender, and blend them.  If your kid is sensitive to peanut butter, then it is better to substitute it with a different nut butter like almond butter, or cashew butter.  Thus, your kids will obtain heart-friendly unsaturated fats, along with essential proteins.

Grape smoothies:  Blend together half cup grape juice,  a quarter cup seedless grapes, a quarter  cup pineapple along with juice, half cup milk, and half cup ice cubes, in your blender until you get the preferred consistency.

Fruit yogurt smoothies:  Put in Half cup ice, half cup iced up concentrated orange juice, one cup soya milk flavored with vanilla, a full ripe banana, peeled and sliced, half cup yogurt flavored with vanilla, and one tablespoon of honey into your blender.  Blend these constituents, to make healthy smoothies for kids.

Oatmeal smoothies:  The ingredients required to prepare this smoothie include, one frozen ripe banana, one tablespoon of peanut butter, one tablespoon of flax seed, a quarter cup oatmeal, a cup of milk, a scoop of protein powder, and a cup of ice.  Put all these ingredients into a blender, and blend until you procure the desired constancy.

Nutritious blue smoothies:  Put in a cup frozen blueberries, a cup of fresh spinach leaves, a cup yogurt, half cup milk, and a tablespoon of honey into your blender.  Blend all these ingredients until you procure the preferred consistency.

Mouth-watering emerald smoothies:  Put in the following ingredients cups:two  fresh and ripe pineapples, peeled, cut into small pieces; a stalk celery, incised into small pieces; a cup spinach leaves; half yogurt flavored with vanilla; two cups ice; and honey for taste; into your blender, and blend until you obtain the desired consistency.

Staying power:  Each of these healthy smoothies for kids has at least an item included to make it more vigorous.  Nutritious fats, proteins and fibres together help to stabilize blood sugar level.  These smoothies provide the carbohydrates with the required stamina.  This results in a better state of sustained energy, along with  mood.  These healthy smoothies for kids, contain the essential nutrients that your child’s body needs to function properly.

Smoothies have been in practice roughly since the end of 1930, when the Waring Blender was discovered.  A blender, obviously, is necessary to make the smoothies, which is actually smooth, thick fruit blends.  Conventionally, the constituents of smoothies include, fruit, fruit juice and ice.  Nowadays, additional ingredients like yogurt, milk, soy milk, ice cream and various nutritional supplements are also present in healthy smoothies for kids.

The dentist here explains the dental implants problems that can occur, although not often seen, with porcelain veneers. He then goes on to give reasons for the failure of the veneers and implants. He also explains remedies that can be used to recover the situation. The dentist explains the deeper causes of failure of the implants and the risks involved.

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Maintenance of nutritional requirements for your child is extremely a challenging task, but you can definitely be successful with great patience and perseverance.

Weaning:
Weaning is defined as a process by which your child shifts from consuming breast milk or artificial milk, to having semi-solid or solid foods. When your child is 6 months old, breast milk alone is not sufficient to provide all the essential nutrients that your growing child requires, especially iron and calories which is provided by solid foods. Thus, weaning provides your child a balanced nutrition for proper growth and development. Exclusive breast feeding your child till 6 months is ideal, after which you can slowly start giving solid foods together with breastfeeding. It is better not to force your child, unless he or she is ready to have semi-solid or solid food. You should remember that this requires extreme patience, and you should try to do it gradually. At the same time, remember that weaning too early can lead to a higher chance for your child to develop gastrointestinal disorders, or allergic reactions to specific foods; whereas, weaning too late will make your child suffer from malnutrition. Introduction of only one food at a time is ideal, because it will facilitate you to understand if your child is allergic to any particular food.

Foods which you can progressively commence giving your child include:
a. Boiled and smashed vegetables, preferably potatoes, beetroot, cauliflower, carrots, beans, etc.
b. Foods rich in carbohydrate content such as, rice, potatoes, cereals, and oats.
c. Ripe and smashed fresh fruits like, banana, apple.
d. Fresh fruit juice, diluted with 10 parts of water to 1 part of fruit juice.
e. Dairy products such as, cheese and yogurt.

Foods to be avoided for children:
a. As excessive sugar may cause teething problems, avoid it until your child is 1 year old.
b. Never add salt to your child’s food. Avoid refined food rich in salt content.
c. Avoid cow’s milk until your child is 1 year old.
d. Avoid nuts and seeds, as your child might get choked.
e. Don’t give tea and/coffee to your child.
f. Don’t give cold beverages to your child.
g. Avoid fast foods as far as possible, as these are highly injurious to your child’s well-being

Recommendations for successful weaning:
In order to avoid from being choked, always remain beside your child while he/she is eating.
a. Don’t ever feed your child forcefully.
b. Ensure that the temperature of the food is normal.
c. If your child refuses food, then remain calm with a positive approach. Learn to trust your child’s appetite. Your child will have it once he/she feels hungry.
d. Give your child a variety of foods so that he/she gets accustomed to different flavors and tastes. Remember that your child should consume all the foods normally consumed by you, by the time your child is one year old, but of course in diminished quantities.
e. Motivate your child to eat on his own
f. Breastfeeding, or artificial milk feeding in bottles can be continued ideally till your child is one year old, and not after that.
g.To get rid of feeding bottles, give milk and other fluids in an attractively-shaped, and beautifully-coloured cup.

The following recommendations are helpful if your child happens to be a choosy eater:
Don’t expect your child to consume the entire quantity of food, offered by you. Of course, it is the parent’s accountability to select what your child should have, but remember that it is your child who decides whether to have the same or not. Just don’t end up spanking at your child, if he/she happens to take a lesser quantity of food. In spite of your busy schedule, you should sit with your child during every meal. This gives a psychological boost to your child, though he/she may not be able to express in words, this gives him/her a sense of being loved, being wanted. Try to share meals, as this makes your child enjoy the food consumed. Likewise, you can prepare a sandwich in the shape liked by your child.

Malnutrition due to diminished appetite:
Consumption of large quantities of fluid like milk or fruit juice or other beverages with sugar content, diminishes a child’s appetite for foods. Such frequent consumption of fluids is a general cause of various types of malnutrition such as, iron- deficiency anaemia, meaning low iron levels in the blood. Apart from iron- deficiency anaemia, this frequent consumption of fluids can result in dental caries, low dental hygiene, loss of appetite & weight gain or obesity in children especially in toddlers. Normally, your child requires about 500 ml of milk per day, during the toddler stage, along with some water intake. Teach your child the importance of drinking water to maintain good health . See to it that he/she does not drink too much of water or milk just before meals, as this will lead to decreased appetite. Full cream milk is ideal till your child is 2 years old, after which reduced fat milk is ideal. Similarly, a good appetite is essential for adequate intake of proteins, in order to avoid protein-energy malnutrition in your child.

Be an ideal model for your child:
Generally, children tend to observe and copy others. Hence, it is essential for you to set a good example for your child. While eating, if you frown exhibiting an aversion to particular foods, your child is expected to imitate that reaction. Similarly, don’t have food on the run, instead have food on the dining table.

Neophobia:
Fear of new foods, called neophobia is frequent when your child is in the toddler stage. Sometimes, you may have to try offering the same about seven to ten times, before it is liked by your child. So at the first refusal of food, take a positive approach, by telling attractive stories, to your child; and you can give the same food on some other day.

The girl in this video explains the choice she made to get her smile improved. Since she did not want visible braces, she chose porcelain veneers to improve her smile. Though it took her some time, she is happy with the result.

The advantages of opting for this procedure are explained here by the girl. She explains how she feels after the surgery as the process hid most of the gums that used to become visible earlier during her smile.

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Balanced diet:  Reasonably balanced mood and health can be achieved by ensuring that our daily diet contains sufficient amounts of carbohydrates, essential fats, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, and water.  On hearing the phrase “poor nutrition”, you might start wondering what exactly is missing in your daily intake, and what exactly is its effects on your mental health.  Sometimes, you and your family may be dealing with malnourishment, without even realizing it.  Poor nutrition does not necessarily mean quantity.  If your daily intake consists of a large quantity of foodstuffs of empty calories,  it means that the food consumed by you  provides little or practically no  energy at all.

Children and teenagers:  The most common victims of poor nutrition are children and teenagers.  They are more prone to develop major mental health issues with age.  Adolescents have changed over milk which is rich in calcium content, for soda.  Teenagers with an objective to lose weight, often are found to use injurious methods like fasting or the use of laxatives.  This has a greater negative impact on the behaviour and academic performance of students.

Carbohydrates:  Have regular meals throughout the day to maintain blood glucose levels.  You eat at least three meals daily.  Missing meals, particularly breakfast, causes low blood glucose, thus leading to  low mood, irritability and fatigue.

Amino Acids:  Three amino acids have a direct relationship with mood and depression, which include phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Depression can result if brain messengers called neurotransmitters are deficient.  Ensure that protein is included at every meal to provide an endless supply of tryptophan, an amino acid in your brain, which has influence on your mood.  The neurotransmitter norepinephrine is produced by phenylalanine and tyrosine.  Tryptophan  which is converted into the precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan in the body , is an effective antidepressant.  Consumption of adequate amounts of the amino-acid cofactors, like vitamin B6, is important which is required for your body to process amino acids properly.

Vitamins:  Vitamins act as catalysts in your body, which accelerate the chemical processes that are vital for proper brain function.  Vitamin deficiencies sometimes present clinically as depression, which is reversible following supplementation.

a. Vitamin B1, thiamine helps  the brain to convert glucose into energy, without which the brain runs out of energy rapidly.  This can cause depression, irritability, anxiety, and sometimes thoughts of suicide too.  Deficiencies can also result in memory loss, and insomnia.  The intake of processed sugars, depletes the body’s B1 supply.

b. Vitamin B3, niacin deficiency causes pellagra, the symptoms of which include psychosis and dementia.  Sub-clinical lack of this vitamin can cause agitation, anxiety, and mental sluggishness.

c. Vitamin B6, pyridoxine is an essential nutrient to produce neurotransmitters.  There is a strong correlation between this vitamin deficiency and depression.

d. Vitamin B12, cyanacobalamin is important for red blood cell formation, deficiency of which causes pernicious anaemia, an oxygen-transport problem.  This can cause mood swings, paranoid schizophrenia, irritability, mental confusion, dementia, hallucinations, or mania.  Deficiencies often occur due to a lack of an enzyme, called intrinsic factor which allows vitamin B12 absorption in the intestines.  As intrinsic factor reduces with age, geriatric individuals are more prone to B12 deficiencies.

e. Folic acid, folate an another B vitamin, helps to produce many neurotransmitters.  It is also essential to produce haemoglobin.  Depressed persons often exhibit low levels of folate.

f. Sub-clinical deficiencies of vitamin C can cause depression.

Effects of minerals on mental health:

a. Iron deficiency can result in anaemia, which can produce symptoms like depression, irritability, fatigue, loss of attention, and insomnia.

b. Magnesium assists in every body’s energy reactions.  Deficiency can result in depression, along with confusion, agitation, anxiety, and hallucinations.

c. Zinc deficiencies frequently lead to depression, mental sluggishness, irritability, and emotional disturbances, because zinc is essential for many processes related to brain function.

d. Sodium and potassium:  Intake of more salty food (sodium) interrupts the electrolyte balance.  Besides producing hypertension, also affects neurotransmitter levels, producing depression and premenstrual syndrome in women.  Additionally, mistreatment with diuretics, can lead to potassium depletion, which causes depression.

e. Calcium deficiency also leads to depression, especially in adolescent women.

Consume adequate water:  Even mild dehydration can affect our mood, feelings and behaviour, causing irritability, loss of concentration and reduced mental functioning.

Caffeine-based fluids:  As caffeine also causes diuresis, it also leads to dehydration.  That’s why you should not depend exclusively on caffeine-based fluids.  Hypertension, anxiety, depression,  and sleep problems can be caused by large quantities of caffeine.  If you do consume caffeine-containing drinks, try not to exceed 3–4 cups per day, and take other fluids like water, fresh fruit juice and herbal teas.

Control your alcohol consumption:  Alcohol has a depressant effect on your brain and can cause a rapid deterioration of your mood.  It is also a toxin which has to be detoxificated by the liver.  During this detoxification method, the body utilizes thiamin, zinc and other essential nutrients thus  leading to depletion of your reserves, particularly if your diet is poor.  Thiamin and other vitamin deficiencies are frequent in alcoholics leading to depression, irritability and violent behaviour, and also more serious and long-standing mental health problems.

A direct relationship exists between exercise and mental health; definitely, exercise decreases symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders.  Studies by psychiatrists have reported an increase in the antidepressant effects of exercise especially with increased duration and intensity of performance.  With the advent of latest sedentary  sources of entertainment, like watching television, and playing video games, has become very common amongst children and teens.

Regular exercise:  The practice of exercise regularly, releases a natural chemical within the body, called endorphins into the blood stream.  The endorphins released in the brain provide you a sense of mental relaxation and a feeling of happiness. Outdoor exercises are highly recommended, because exposure to sunlight is particularly important as it has a direct stimulating effect on your mood by  affecting the pineal glands.

Maintain ideal body weight:  Obesity stimulates your depression.

Lack of exercise, as well as poor nutrition are contributing factors to the development of mental health disorders.  Its in your hand to protect yourself and your dear ones from this alarming problem by taking appropriate measures.

In this video, Dr. Shannon Sinsheimer, a practitioner of Naturopathic Medicine explains about remedies that can be used to treat seasonal allergies. This message is a guide to natural living and how to use nature’s help in solving your seasonal allergy problems.

She explains how the body deals with various antigens and how these reactions affect you. She explains her detailed test procedure which she uses to check the patients and find their causes of allergies. She reveals the remedies she prescribes to her patient to improve their health. This is a really informative video on seasonal allergies.

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Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease, commonly abbreviated as AD, is the most common type of dementia. In the year of 1906, it was first described by Alois Alzheimer in, who was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist. Hence, this was named after him.

Pharmaceutical: Presently five drugs are used in the treatment of the cognitive signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease; amongst which four are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which are namely, tacrine, rivastigmine, galantamine, and donepezil; and the fifth one is memantine, which is an NMDA receptor antagonist.

Two studies have reported the efficacy of medical marijuana in the inhibition of the progress of Alzheimer’s disease. THC, is the active ingredient present in marijuana, may help in the prevention of the formation of deposits in the brain which is related at this disease. THC, when compared with the drugs available in the commercial market was found to hinder the action of acetylcholinesterase more effectively.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are found to be effective in reducing the rate of catabolism of acetylcholine, thereby increasing the concentration of acetylcholine in the brain and thus compensating the loss of acetylcholine resulting from the death of cholinergic neurons. Donepezil, available in the market as Aricept, galantamine available in the market as Razadyne, and rivastigmine available in the market as Exelon are some of the cholinesterase inhibitors, which are approved for the management of AD symptoms. There is substantial evidence for the efficiency of these drugs in mild to moderate degree of Alzheimer’s disease. There is approval of only donepezil for the treatment of advanced stage of AD. There is no adequate evidence that, the use of these drugs is effective in delaying the onset of AD, when administered to persons with mild cognitive impairment.

Memantine, available in the market as Akatinol, is a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. It was initially utilized as an anti-influenza agent. The action of this agent is basically on the glutamatergic system. It blocks NMDA receptors and hinders them from being overstimulated by glutamate. There has been substantial evidence in the support of the efficacy of memantine in treating moderate to severe degree of Alzheimer’s disease. However, its effectiveness in the initial stages of AD are not yet clear. However, the combined therapy with memantine and donepezil has been found to be of statistical significance, but of only marginal clinical effectiveness.

Antipsychotic medications are of discrete use in lowering the aggressive and psychotic problems in Alzheimer’s disease with behavioral disturbances. But as these medications are associated with severe side effects, such as cerebrovascular incidents, difficulties in movement, or cognitive deterioration, this makes their routine use inadvisable. They are found to result in increased mortality rates, when used for a long duration. Huperzine, though sounds promising, requires further clinical trials before its use can be recommended.

Psychosocial interventions: Psychosocial interventions are considered as an adjunct to treatment with medications, and can be divided into behavioral-oriented, emotion-oriented, cognition- oriented or stimulation-oriented approaches. However, there is no available research on the efficacy of such psychosocial interventions. Behavioral interventions are mainly aimed at the identification and reduction of the past experiences and consequences of problematic behaviors. This is found to be effective in reducing certain behavioral problems like incontinence, but not very effective in certain behavioral problems like wandering, and in overall functioning.

Emotion-oriented interventions: These include reminiscence therapy, validation therapy, supportive psychotherapy, sensory integration, which is also known as Snoezelen(a specifically designed room for sensory integration therapy), and simulated presence therapy. Supportive psychotherapy is found to be effective in assisting people with mild impairment adjust to their disease. Reminiscence therapy involves group discussions of previous experiences, or discussions with the individual, with the help of photographs, household articles, music and speech recordings, etc. Thus if found to be beneficial for cognition and mood behavioral problems. Simulated presence therapy, as the name suggests, involves playing a recording with the speech of the closely attached relatives of the person with Alzheimer’s disease. The fundamental of validation therapy is acceptance of the reality, whereas sensory integration involves exercises with an aim to stimulate the senses. The cognition-oriented therapies involve reality orientation and cognitive retraining. Reality orientation consists of the orientation of time, place or surroundings of the person with Alzheimer’s disease. On the other hand cognitive retraining aims at improving impaired capacities, and cognition deficits. Stimulation-oriented therapies include any form of recreational activities such as, art, music and pet therapies, practice of a regular exercise,etc… The change in the person’s daily routine, through stimulation is found to be effective in improving behavior, mood, as well as function to a lesser extent. However, there is little evidence in support of the efficacy of these therapies.

Caregiving: As Alzheimer’s disease gradually renders the patients incapable of attending to their own needs, caregiving is mandatory in the treatment and management over the course of the disease. During the early and moderate stages, certain modifications with slight changes in the lifestyle, such as the placing of safety locks, enables increase patient safety and reduce the burden of the caretaker. When the patient becomes incapable to feed themselves, then the caretaker should break food into smaller pieces. The necessity of a feeding tube usually arises at the time of swallowing difficulties, or with the progression of the disease. During the final stages of the disease, palliative treatment is recommended to provide relief from discomfort until death.

Management: Studies have reported that, there is practically no cure for the disease. As of 2012 , there are no concrete treatments available to stop or reverse the disease from progressing further. Hence, as the disease progresses, the symptoms get worser, and finally results in death. The current available treatments can be classified into pharmaceutical therapy, psychosocial therapy and caregiving.

The lady explains what stress is and how it takes over your mind. She explains stress with an example of the fight or flight reaction. She explains in detail what happens when stress overwhelms the body and it’s after affects.

She gives examples of symptoms displayed by people suffering from stress. She gives affects of stress divided according to physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, psychiatric symptoms. This is a nice video to help you understand the psychology of fear.

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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a state in which the bones become weak and brittle, guiding to a high risk of breakage than in normal bone. Here we describe on different methods to prevent osteoporosis. Some of these include, a regular intake of healthy, nutritious diet; a regular practice of weight-bearing physical exercises such as, dancing, tennis, brisk walking, jogging or climbing up of stairs; gentle exercises focussing on posture and range of motion; and modified strength-training exercises or resistance training exercises. These in fact help augment bone mineral density. Similarly certain lifestyle modifications, such as, cessation of smoking, and evading consumption of alcohol can also be very effective in the prevention of osteoporosis. Recent studies have reported that, if a woman happens to have smoked a pack of cigarettes in a day throughout her adulthood, then by the time she reaches her menopause, she is found to have about 5-10% decrease in the bone density. Similarly, excessive consumption of alcohol, meaning more than three drinks in a day, is highly injurious because of the associated malnutrition, and a higher risk of falling down because of improper balance. Similarly caffeinated drinks should be consumed in a limited quantity. An excessive caffeine is found to affect and hinder calcium absorption in our body.

Hence, the consumption of foods rich in calcium like milk and milk products, green leafy vegetables and fresh fruits is highly recommended. Vitamin D, which is synthesized in the skin, plays a vital role in calcium absorption and bone health. Hence, exposure of our skin to sunlight is highly recommended, at least for about 30 minutes during the cooler months; and for about 6-8 minutes in the summer season. Well, most people are able to get sufficient vitamin D naturally, but vitamin D supplementation is essential in elderly people to make sure of an adequate daily intake. At least 1000 mg of calcium per day should be consumed by a premenopausal woman, which in a postmenopausal woman, raises to about 1300 mg per day. The same amount of calcium per day, that is 1300 mg is recommended for elderly men above 70 years of age, as well as in children. Likewise, 800 international units of vitamin D is essential in elderly men and postmenopausal women, which helps prevent the risk of bone loss.

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Osteoporosis

Prevention of falls: Studies have reported that, about one-third of elderly people, usually above the age of 65 years, fall each year, out of which nearly about 10–15% end up in a fracture. The following measures help in the prevention of such falls – performance of exercises with a view to improve the balance under the guidance of a physiotherapist or an exercise physiologist. A continuous wearing of prescribed glasses as instructed by the ophthalmologist is highly recommended. It is advised to keep one’s home trip proofed, for example, removal of loose rugs, installation of handrails in the bathroom and toilet, and proper lighting arrangements in all rooms. the Wearing of a well-fitting, sturdy and flat-heeled footwear is recommended.

Wearing a hip protector: A hip protector is a shield which is worn over the hip, and it is designed to spread out the stressful impact of a fall into the surrounding fat and muscle, thereby not causing much damage to the hip bone. If worn accurately, the risk of hip fracture can be reduced by a hip protector.

Apart from the above-mentioned measures, one should also avoid certain medications which can reduce bone density. Some of such medications include, glucocorticoids like prednisone; anti-coagulants like heparin; vitamin A and a few synthetic preparations like alternate; and anti-convulsive drugs like phenytoin, carbamazepine which should be avoided as a preventive measure against osteoporosis, as these reduce bone density.

Studies conducted by the National Osteoporosis Foundation, which is commonly abbreviated as NOF, in the USA have reported that, treatment with medications is recommended only for postmenopausal women and elderly men, having a T-score below 2.5. Presently, the bone density can be measured more reliably, by the Dual-Energy Absorptiometry Scan, which is abbreviated as DEXA. A DEXA scan is a short, painless scan which commonly gives the measure of the density of bones especially, at the hip and spine.

Medications: There are several medications available for the treatment of osteoporosis, but medications may differ, depending on the tolerance, age and sex of the patient. Bisphosphonates which augment bone density by slowing down the process of bone destruction, is the first choice for the treatment of osteoporosis. Selective estrogen receptor modulators, which is commonly abbreviated as SERMs, are sited in the body of a woman, known as estrogen receptors and respond to the hormone estrogen. SERMs imitate the action of estrogen, and thus bone loss is reduced. SERMs have been reported to lower the risk of spinal fractures, but are found to raise the risk of developing clots and stroke. Strontium ranelate; just like bisphosphonates, strontium ranelate acts by slowing down the process of breaking down of bones, and fastens up the process of building up.

Testosterone therapy: Testosterone replacement helps to improve the bone density, especially in men with clinical features of testosterone deficiency and low levels of testosterone. It is treated by administration of testosterone in the form of injections, intradermal implants, dermal patches, oral tablets, gels or creams for external application. Parathyroid hormone, which is secreted by the parathyroid glands, regulates the levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the bones and blood. Parathyroid hormone therapy, which increases bone density and strength, is used mainly for people with severe osteoporosis, in whom other medications are contraindicated or ineffective. Hormone therapy, HT; the female sex hormone, estrogen plays a vital role in the maintenance of bone strength. HT augments estrogen levels and thus prevents osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, but Its long-term use in the treatment of this condition is no longer recommended, because of its side effects such as an increased risk of developing heart attack, breast cancer and stroke.

Other medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration, abbreviated as FDA, for the prevention and/treatment of osteoporosis especially in postmenopausal women are alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, etidronate, raloxifene, calcitonin, and teriparatide.

Thus we find that, osteoporosis has no standard treatment, it is modified as per the individual’s specific needs.

Listen to a doctor’s advice on allergies and their causes. He tells us in brief about how people develop allergies due to their carelessness. The doctor elaborates on a special herbal solution for treatment of allergies suffered by people.

The solutions he offers as allergy remedies are propriety herbal solutions. He promises a fix but not a complete cure.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

Signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis can be broadly classified into 3 major groups, which are named as joint signs and symptoms; systemic signs and symptoms, which means  those which affect the whole body; and signs and symptoms involving other organs of the body.  Each patient can present differently.  In majority of the cases, patients have an insidious onset of signs and symptoms.  This means that, the development of signs and symptoms is a slow process, which takes about a period of weeks or months.  When the disease is in an inactive stage, some patients may experience a period of remission, and may even practically be free of any symptoms, but persistent symptoms may be experienced by some patients for a long period.  Practically speaking, symptoms are often intermittent, alternating with exacerbations, commonly referred to as flare ups.

Joint signs and symptoms:

A patient with an acute onset of rheumatoid arthritis, may remain healthy till going to bed at night, but may wake up the next morning with intolerable pain; making the patient almost impossible to get out of bed  .  Morning joint stiffness is practically the first typical symptom of this disease, which usually lasts for about an hour.  This characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis helps differentiate it from osteoarthritis.  This stiffness commonly starts in only one joint, and often pain and tenderness is experienced while trying to move the affected joint.  The patient usually experiences extreme pain while waking up in the morning, which decreases with the progression of the day.  Usually the small joints are affected, such as the joints in the toes and fingers.  The number of joints which are affected differs considerably.  However, in the majority of patients at the same time, at least five joints are affected by this process ultimately.  Being an additive type of polyarthritis, multiple joints are affected in the long run in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.  Symptoms usually occur symmetrically, that is, the same joints on both sides of the body are affected in most cases.  These may differ in intensity,, and may sometimes decrease or may get exacerbated.  Over time, with the progress of the disease, the surrounding cartilages and bones are destroyed, and thus cause restriction of the movements of the joint; and deformities of the joints may result.  The typical pain of rheumatoid arthritis is explained as deep and aching in nature.  It is usually triggered following a period of rest, and may show improvement following the gentle movement of the affected joint.  The pain often occurs at night, causing sleep disturbances.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

Which joints are commonly affected in rheumatoid arthritis?:

These include the proximal interphalangeal, abbreviated as PIP, and metacarpophalangeal, abbreviated as MCP, and joints of the hands, that is middle and base joints of the finger; the wrists, particularly the ulnar-styloid articulation; the shoulder joints; the elbow joints; the knee joints; the ankle joints; the metatarsophalangeal, abbreviated as MTP joints found in the toes.

It is important to remember in this connection that, distal interphalangeal, abbreviated as DIP joints, which are the top joint of the fingers, are not usually affected.  Excepting for the atlanto-axial articulation, which is usually affected in late disease, the spine is never affected.  Due to the underlying inflammation of the affected joint, the skin over the involved joint becomes warm, appears red and edematous (that is, appears swollen).

Systemic symptoms caused by  rheumatoid arthritis:

These are generally caused as a consequence of high concentrations of inflammatory chemicals in the body.  According to The studies conducted by the National Health Service, abbreviated as NHS, UK, anaemia is found to be present in nearly 80% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.  The blood is incapable to carry adequate oxygen to different tissues due to decreased number of red blood cells.  As a result of anaemia, the patient experiences fatigue, palpitation, loss of appetite leading to loss of body weight, breathlessness, low-grade fever, usually a temperature of 99° – 100° F.  Some patients also experience flu-like symptoms, and depression too.

Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis affecting other organs:  Multiple organs may be affected, and these involve:

1. Skin:  Small lumps, which are firm  in consistency, and are known as rheumatoid nodules may develop in the skin, especially on the external surfaces of joints.  These nodular lesions  commonly occur on the skin over the elbows and forearms.  They are not usually painful.  The underlying inflammatory process is the cause of the formation of these nodules, and are found in approximately 20% of patients with  rheumatoid arthritis.

2.  Eyes:  This disease is found to be a part of a syndrome known as Sjögren’s syndrome.  This condition is characterized by the presence of dryness of the eyes, dryness of mouth and rheumatoid arthritis.  It occurs when the inflammatory cells infiltrate lacrimal and salivary glands.  Painful, and red eye, known as scleritis which is the inflammation of the sclera(the outer white layer of the eyeball) is usually present in 5% of patients.

3.  Lungs:  The lungs can be affected in various ways by the inflammatory process of this disease.  Some of the most common include, pleural effusion, which is a collection of fluid in the pleura; pulmonary fibrosis, which is the formation of  scar tissue in the lungs; inflammation of the pleura, which are membranes around the lungs; and development of rheumatoid nodules in the lungs.  The patient may develop symptoms such as dyspnea, which is shortness of breath.

4.  Cardiovascular system:  Generally, individuals with this type of arthritis, are more prone to develop diseases of the heart a blood vessel.  Such cardiovascular diseases include stroke, inflammation of the pericardium(covering membrane of the heart), heart attack, and hardening of the arteries, which is known as atherosclerosis.

5.  Kidneys:  The normal function of the kidneys is affected by the deposition of an abnormal protein, known as amyloid in the kidneys.

6.  Hoarseness of voice:  Hoarseness of voice may result following the inflammation of the cricoarytenoid joint, which is  a joint in the larynx, also referred to as the voice box.

Listen to the doctor’s advice on how to make yourself safe from Seasonal Allergies. There’s a whole lot of ways he talks about which people should really learn, to be able to protect themselves from this seasonal trouble. And surprisingly, there are simple ways to do that. It’s just that people are so careless all the time and ignorant of allergy treatment.

Find out those little tips you can follow to deal with seasonal allergies and lead a less allergy prone life this season. Make sure you remember these tips when you step out of the house.

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Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder, commonly abbreviated as MDD, is also otherwise called recurrent depressive disorder, clinical depression, or major depression. This type of mental disorder is distinguished by a combination of low mood and low self-confidence, along with loss of happiness and interest in generally enjoyable activities.

Here is a brief description about the signs and symptoms of Major depressive disorder. This condition can affect any individual, irrespective of their age and sex. In children, girls and boys are affected by clinical depression at almost the same rate. In adults, almost twice as many females as males are affected by this condition. It is more common for both the genders in the middle-aged individuals, that is around 25-44 years of age; and the least common for the elderly people, that is above the age of 65 years. As per the studies conducted by the Center for Mental Health Services, this disorder is found to be present in nearly one in every 33 children and in nearly one in eight adolescents.

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Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder is a form of mental disorder which affects the entire body, and therefore the general health too. This condition influences the way of feeling, thinking and action of a person. If left untreated, depression can result in academic failure in the school/college, addiction to alcohol or drugs, and sometimes the individual affected by this disorder may even end up committing suicide. Studies have revealed out that, in the United States, about 3.4% of persons with clinical depression commit suicide, and up to 60% of individuals committing suicide had depression or some sort of mood disorder. In fact, the term “depression” is vague.

Major depressive disorder considerably affects an individual’s family as well as personal associations, occupational or academic life, brings change in the habits of sleeping and eating often resulting in insomnia(which means sleeplessness) and loss of weight due to poor appetite. Some persons often wake up very early in the morning, and then find it very difficult to sleep again. Sometimes, insomnia seems to be the effect of the stimulation of the central nervous system as a result of the administration of anti-depressant drugs to the patients suffering from major depression, as a therapeutic measure. Some other common signs and symptoms of this mood disorder include, persistent feeling of unhappiness and despair; remaining aloof from friends; agitation or irritability ; a feeling of sadness and discouragement; Lack of interest or inspiration; feelings of insignificance and profuse guiltiness, etc.

A few other physical signs and symptoms of Major depressive disorder include, frequency of physical complaints such as body ache, headache, abdominal pain, etc. Often co-occurrence of pain is found to be present in patients with major depression. In 65% of depressed patients, One or more pain symptom is present; and about five to 85% of patients with pain are found to be suffering from major depression. Other symptoms include, fatigue and low energy levels, inability to take concrete decisions, decreased concentration and unforgetfulness. This often results in poor academic performance in the school, in children. These children often remain gloomy and sad. They seem to be pessimistic about each and every aspects of life, maybe its the past, present or the future.

Although, insomnia has been reported in about 80% of the patients with Major Depressive Disorder, sometimes, they also seem to suffer from hypersomnia, which means excessive sleeping. Similarly, their appetite is also found to have increased more than normal. But of course, the common sign is a diminished appetite. This results in a marked decrease in the body weight in spite of the absence of following a diet to slim down. Usually, a variation of about 5% of the body weight per month is noted in such patients. However, a weight gain may also be noted, which of course is very rare.

Major depressive disorder, in fact is a mental illness which disables an individual, both physically, as well as mentally. Life expectancies in these individuals are found to be shorter, when compared with those without depression. This is mainly so because these individuals are more prone to develop various kinds of medical diseases, and may commit suicide. In fact, some of the physical and physiological features of this condition often seem to simyulate of those found in certain chronic illnesses, such as diabetes mellitus. Often people with major depression are found to ruminate over unnecessary feelings of apologizes, self-hatred, frustration, irritability, etc. A few of them have symptoms of psychosis, which are symptoms of obsessive disorders, such as phobia or mania. Some of these also include delusions, which means some false beliefs or hope; and hallucinations, which means illusions, that is seeing or hearing something which are actually not present or audible. Often these psychotic symptoms are unpleasant or negative ones. For example, seeing a rope, they often feel afraid thinking it to be a snake. Similarly, in spite of having locked the door correctly, they will often have the suspicion of having not locked the door properly, and they keep on spending their time checking the same several times. Apart from these symptoms, diminished concentration is remarkably prominent in individuals with melancholic(dejected) or psychotic(sorrowful) features. They are also found to keep themselves withdrawn from social gatherings and activities. They have reduced interest in sex, and are found to have diminished sex drive. Relatives, friends and family members often notice a behavioral change in these patients, either an agitated mood, or a lethargic mood.

Major depressive disorder in elderly people is often associated with cognitive symptoms, like, loss of memory. The elderly people often also are found to have a relatively remarked slowing down of movements. Sometimes clinical depression in the elderly is found to co-exist with other diseased conditions, common amongst the elderly people such as, Parkinson’s disease, heart disease, stroke or hemiplegia/paraplegia, chronic pulmonary obstructive diseases, commonly abbreviated as COPD, etc.

An irritable mood is more common in children with Major depressive disorder, than a depressed mood. Such children are often described as anxious, unself-confident, dependent, and challenging to manage.

Hence, the signs and symptoms of Major depressive disorder is not just feeling down morally, or experiencing a bad day. It is quite different from the feelings of grief or sorrow which one might experience following a huge loss, such as a death in the family. It is not considered as a personal weakness or a defect in the character of a person!

Watch these lovely kids describe the foods they are allergic to and the reactions they suffered from, when they accidentally or unknowingly ate those foods. You will learn a great deal about food allergy symptoms that many children exhibit when they suffer from an allergic reaction.

It’s heart breaking to listen to their experiences. Just listen to what they wish and you will find an earnest desire to lead a normal life. If you have a child or know of a child who is allergic, then listening to their encounters can help you train yourself to be better prepared for the next eventuality.

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Diabetic Retinopathy

What exactly causes diabetic retinopathy?:  This condition commonly results from the occurrence of a prolonged hyperglycemia, which means, high blood sugar levels in the blood.  This in turn leads to alterations in the blood vessels supplying the retina.  We are quite aware of the fact that,the  retina is a part of the eye which plays a very important role in the maintenance of a healthy vision.  With increasing blood sugar levels, blood vessels within the retina become edematous, and begin to seep out exudative fluid.  This fluid may then seep out into the macula, resulting in macular edema(swelling).  The perceptive area of the retina, which is responsible for sharp vision is the macula.  Hence, macular edema may lead to blurred vision.  

Sometimes damage to these blood vessels may also lead to the development of brush like extensions.  Apart from this, neovascularization takes place, which means new blood vessels commence to develop on the surface of the retina.  This leads to the development of deficiency of nutrients, as well as adequate oxygen to the retina.  However, these new blood vessels being usually brittle and delicate, easily allow leakage of blood into the back of the eye and cause visual disturbances such as blank areas, blockage of  vision, or glare in the presence of bright light.  sometimes, blind spots, and floaters, which are tiny spots which float across the field the vision may also occur. Formation of scar tissue may also occur, which in turn pulls the retina.  This can result in the retinal detachment.  Thus we find that, diabetic retinopathy commonly affects people suffering from diabetes since a pretty long time, and can lead to blindness.  A prolonged elevated levels of blood glucose can lead damage to the lenses to  in the eyes, which in turn can also result in blurred vision, caused by the swelling of the affected lens.

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Diabetic Retinopathy

A few risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy:  These include causes;

1.  The longer the duration a patient suffers from diabetes, the more susceptible is he/she to develop this complication.

2.  Pregnancy:  Women who have diabetes or gestational diabetes are more prone to develop complications, during their pregnancy.

3.  High blood pressure:  Usually hypertensive patients, which means diabetic patients with high blood pressure have a higher chance to develop this complication.

4.  Hypercholesterolemia:  Diabetic patients having hypercholesterolemia, which means high blood cholesterol level; increases the susceptibility to develop diabetic retinopathy.

5.  Ethnicity:  Studies have reported that, people belonging to the ethnic races such as, Hispanic or African-American,  also plays an important role in the development of the disease.  Hence, people belonging to these ethnic races are more prone to develop diabetic retinopathy.

How a diabetic patient can protect oneself from this disabling complication?:  Whatever may be the type of diabetes, a close monitoring of the blood sugar levels, and keeping the same under control  is the best method to reduce the risk for developing diabetic retinopathy.  The severity of this eye-related complication of diabetes, is directly associated with blood sugar control.  The level of glycosylated haemoglobin, HbA1C, which gives an indication of the blood glucose control, should be maintained between 6%-7%.  Apart from this, strictly following the prescribed medications along with a healthy and diabetic diet, a regular practice of exercise, adequate control of high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol level; and staying away from personal habits such as consumption of alcohol and smoking of cigarettes, are other steps to be followed to slow down the progression of the disease.  Cigarette smoke contains several toxic substances, like tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines, pesticides, arsenic, benzene, cadmium, etc.  These poisons circulate throughout the body, causing oxidative damage to the blood vessels of the macula and retina.

Besides this, smoking also elevates the blood pressure and increases the blood sugar level too, thereby making it very difficult to control diabetes.  A blood pressure of below 130/80 mm Hg is recommended by the National Institute of Health.  For the same reason, salt intake and processed foods should be cut down.  Similarly, the recommended levels of triglyceride are  less than 150 mg/DL; a level of low density lipoprotein, abbreviated as LDL cholesterol is less than 100 mg/DL; and the level of a high density lipoprotein, abbreviated as HDL cholesterol is more than 60 mg/DL.  Anaerobic exercise for a period of at least 30 minutes per day is the ideal recommendation.  A nutritious diet rich in fibre content, and low in carbohydrate content is the ideal diet advised for diabetic patients.

Prevention of Diabetic Retinopathy

Eye examination:  All diabetic patients should have their eyes examined by an ophthalmologist at least once in each year as a step to prevent diabetic retinopathy.  This includes a visual acuity test, tonometer to measure the intraocular pressure, and a thorough examination including the retina following dilation of the eyes with appropriate eye drops.  This comprehensive eye examination helps an ophthalmologist to determine the stage of this complication, that is whether it is mild nonproliferative retinopathy, which is the earliest stage; moderate nonproliferative retinopathy, which is the next stage; severe nonproliferative retinopathy; and proliferative retinopathy, which is the advanced stage of this condition.  Hence, its progression can be prevented from undergoing the treatment recommended by the ophthalmologist.

An early treatment with retinal laser surgery, or intravitreal injections have proved to be effective in the progression of diabetic retinopathy.  The presence of macular edema or any stage of diabetic retinopathy, can be evaluated by a fluorescein angiogram.  Similarly, every pregnant woman with gestational diabetes, or diabetes  should undergo a comprehensive dilated eye checkup at the earliest possible.  Studies have reported that, timely treatment and appropriate follow-up care can prevent diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy from becoming blind in about 95%.  The key factor in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy is early detection and treatment.  Regular screening and eye examinations are hence absolutely necessary, because one may not develop any visual symptoms, before it becomes too late!

The girl in the video describes how she got rid of her acne in simple ways and how to get clear skin. She also speaks about the precautions she took to protect her skin during the treatment process she adopted. She mentions precautions that you need to take when treating acne.

She mentions a list of lotions and creams she used to treat herself and get rid of acne. She also mentions how she felt while using these solutions. She lays emphasis on completing the regimen for a proper acne treatment.

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Sports Injuries

Here is a brief description about the top five types of sports injuries and the methods to prevent the occurrence of the same. Fortunately, effective treatments are available for most sports injuries, and the physical activity usually returns to a satisfying level in the majority of those who suffer such injuries. Studies have reported that almost 40% of sports injuries occur in children between 5 and 14 years of age. However irrespective of their age, the top 5 types of such injuries include:

Foot and ankle injuries: which may be either sprain, strain, dislocation or fracture. This type of injuries is more common in sports persons participating in games like basketball, gymnastics, dance, etc. Such types of sports injuries are best prevented by following certain instructions like; it is recommended not to exercise very quickly and excessively in the initial stage. An average increase of about 10% in a week is highly recommended. One should wear foot wears which are comfortable, and not wear worn out or tight-fitting shoes. The surface on which a sports person is running is very important, it should not be very bumpy or slippery surface. One should perform exercises to strengthen their muscles, and do regular warm up exercises.

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Sports Injuries

Runner’s knee: This type of sports injuriy can be best prevented by maintaining an ideal body weight, because obesity usually exerts extra stress on the knees. A regular practice of stretching exercises is highly recommended before running. A good quality of footwear with adequate shock absorbing power should be used. While running a sport sperson should always lean forward, and keep their knees bent. One should never run straight down a steep hill. One should either walk it through, or run in a zigzag manner.

Meniscal tears: This along with the tears of anterior cruciate ligaments, is the third category of sports injuries which are more common amongst the teen sports persons. Balancing exercises are highly recommended for a proper stability of the knee. All the muscle groups in the lower extremities should be strengthened and their flexibility should be maintained. One should not over strain, and adequate rest should be provided for the proper recovery of the over strained muscles. An ample cushioning and support can be provided to the knees with the help of a good pair of shoes.

Shin splints: One should use a footwear which suits their sports activity. In case of a runner, it is advised to change one’s footwear following every 350 to 500 miles of having run with the same footwear. Sometimes, arch supports are of immense help. One can also go for an alternative sports activity such as swimming, biking or walking which can exert comparatively lesser stress on the shin bones. A regular practice of exercises including raising of toes alternated with standing on the heels, can help strengthen the leg muscles.

Achilles tendonitis: Achilles tendonitis means inflammation of the Achilles tendon, and this type of sports injuries is common amongst basketball and volleyball players. Ample support should be provided for the feet. The muscles and tendons of the lower extremities should be stretched and warmed up, both before as well as after any sport activity.

Apart from the above-mentioned measures, the following steps will also help to prevent sports injuries. physical exercise is definitely essential for the maintenance of a healthy body, but such exercising should be begun slowly, and should be gradually increased in the long run. A regular practice of stretching exercises while warming up before any strenuous sport activity is advisable. At least 5 to 10 minutes of stretching exercises are recommended by most of the fitness experts. Extension of each muscle group should be performed slowly for about 10 seconds, followed by its repetitions for 4 to 6 times; as inelastic muscles can lead to muscle strains. However, while exercising one should stop soon after feeling fatigued. It is recommended to protect a previously injured part of the body with an ace bandage or tape. This somewhat provides prevention against a re-injury in the previously injured muscle.

A regular practice of warming up exercises before playing any matches and training by sports persons, is found to be effective in reducing muscle stretch injuries. The main reason for this is, following an increase in the tissue temperature by one or two degrees, the muscle becomes more extensible. Such warming up exercises also are found to help improve coordination of muscles. Following this, the performance of a cool down activity, is recommended to facilitate the excretion of waste products from muscles.

An adequate muscle strength helps a sports person to perform sports activities in an orderly manner, and reduces the chances of uncoordinated movements and thus prevents sports injuries. Hence the practice of stretching is recommended to maintain muscle strength and flexibility.

A nutritious diet rich in nutrients essential for the strength of the body muscles, bones, ligaments and tendons is highly recommended. Fresh fruits and vegetables which are rich in anti-oxidants, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D is advised. It is generally recommended to avoid foods like tomatoes and vinegar, which are rich in acid content, because these foods hinders the absorption of calcium. A diet high in carbohydrate content in the 48 hours just before a match, will provide an ample supply of power which is essential for proper muscle contractions. Deficiency of the required power, can lead to fatigue, and thus a player becomes prone to sustain injury. The prevention of such injuries can be achieved, by the intake of regular sips of a sports drink, which is rich in carbohydrate and fluid content. Drinking of plenty of water keeps the muscles hydrated, and thus helps in getting rid of the toxins from the body muscles. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, include salmon and tuna. These omega-3 fatty acids are found to increase the blood circulation in the muscles.

Thus, if the above-mentioned measures are followed, then one can prevent sports injuries, and improve their quality of life!

In this video Dr. Gary E. Nelson gives a pep talk to prevent teen suicide. He describes what severely depressed teenagers should do to get out of depression. The doctor tells teenagers how to access help to get themselves cured of depression.

He suggests ways to reach out for help so that teenagers don’t find all avenues of cure closed to them. He urges them to take it upon themselves to find a way to cure depression.

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Alzheimer’s Disease

Whatever may be the age, the following are seven ways to be taken to improve your brain reserves, and thus protect your memory in Alzheimer’s disease. By leading a brain-healthy lifestyle, your brain will become healthier, and keep functioning stronger and longer.

1. The practice of a regular exercise
What are the benefits of exercise? This helps in reducing stress, enhances mood, boosts up memory, and stimulates energy. According to the Alzheimer’s Research & Prevention Foundation, your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease is reduced by 50% by physical exercise. The practice of a regular exercise especially in those who already have developed cognitive problems, can slow down further decline. A practice of aerobic exercise for at least 30 minutes, five times in one week is ideal. Try exercises such as walking, jogging, or any other physical activity which can increase your heart rate. Climb up the stairs instead of going up in a lift, lift up your own grocery items, or walk around the building block while chatting on your cell phone. Muscle building is necessary to increase blood circulation in your brain. Apart from increasing muscle mass, moderate levels of weight and resistance training help you in the maintenance of brain health too. Try to include balance and coordination exercises, as these will make you stay alert and responsive.

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Alzheimer’s Disease

2. Protect your head from any sort of injury
Studies have reported that, your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease is significantly increased by head trauma at any point in life. This involves repetitive hits while playing certain games like, football, boxing, etc., Or following any type of injury resulting from a motor vehicle accident. Avoid activities which interfere with your attention, such as chatting on your cell while driving; because distraction even for a second, can result in a brain-damaging thud!

3. Consumption of a brain-healthy diet
Similar to the other parts of your body, a nutritious diet is required by your brain too, to function at its best. Consume plenty of protective antioxidants and vitamins, which are present abundantly in fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables. A regular consumption of green tea may slow down brain aging, and thus improve memory and mental alertness. Some supplements, rich in folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin D, vitamin E, magnesium, and fish oil are reported to preserve and enhance brain health in Alzheimer’s disease. As hypertension and hypercholesterolemia seem to be injurious to memory, less intake of salt in diet, and general nutrients which contribute to low cholesterol and normal blood pressure is recommended. Cutting down the quantity of food consumed, almost in half; or even occasional fasting is good. Consumption of 4-6 small meals during the day, instead of 3 large meals is ideal. This helps to maintain constant blood glucose levels. Addition of turmeric is found to help to activate genes which keep your brain clear, and protects it from inflammation. Improve your omega-3 intake, which is found to halt memory loss.

What are the things to be avoided to protect your brain?: Avoid refined carbohydrates and white flour, which are high in sugar and rapidly hike up glucose levels and cause brain inflammation. Cessation of smoking and heavy consumption of alcohol, which are two major risk factors, is recommended. Smoking increases the susceptibility for the elderly, especially over 65 by nearly 79%, and researchers reported that a lifestyle modification with a combination of these two personal habits reduces the age of onset of brain damage in Alzheimer’s disease by six to seven years.

4. Stimulation of mental alertness
Consistent mental stimulation, gaining knowledge about new things, working out puzzles and Brain teasers, testing oneself mentally in various ways through mental calculation of totals in one’s mind during buying grocery items in the shop; are all a few helpful ways to keep the brain active as well as in good shape. Practise the five W’s, in your daily experiences; which include, “What, Why, When, Where, and Who”. Trying to find out these details keeps your nerves firing in Alzheimer’s disease.

5. A peaceful, sound sleep
In order to function at optimum capacity, your brain needs at least eight hours of undisturbed sleep. In fact, sleep deprivation not only leaves you irritable and fatigued, but also impairs your thinking capability to solve problems, and also to store, and remember information. Deep and dreamy sleep is dangerous for retention of your memory. Hence a regular, restful sleep is highly recommended to prevent brain damage in Alzheimer’s disease.

6. Management of stress
Stress may it be acute or chronic, has a great impact on the brain, and leads to decline in a fundamental memory area of the brain, which is called the hippocampus. This in turn hinders growth of nerve cells, thus resulting in brain damage in Alzheimer’s disease. Your respiration rate is altered by stress, and affects oxygen levels in the brain. A regular practice of a deep, abdominal breathing, will help to overcome your stress. Similarly, following some relaxation activities daily will help in the long run, may it be practice of yoga; or playing an instrument or going for a walk; of reading a story book or magazine. Most scientists believe that a strong mind is closely related with a strong body. A better brain health is found to be associated with spirituality. Hence, a regular practice of meditation, prayer can protect you against the injurious effects of stress in Alzheimer’s disease.

7. Last but not the least, maintenance of an active social life
In general, human beings are highly community-oriented beings. We hardly like to remain isolated, and neither do our brains. Studies have reported that the more socially active we are, the better we can protect our memory in Alzheimer’s disease. With increasing age, we often become more isolated. But still one can develop new relationships by volunteering and joining a local club, or association; taking a class at a nearby community college; etc. In fact a few minutes of sharing really with some of your friends or relatives can strengthen your bonds.

The model in this video describes her experience with porcelain veneers. She explains how she feels with the false teeth on and how she had to get used to it. She explains the after effects of the anesthesia as well as the large crowns that have been placed.

She describes the difficulty she faces in talking, eating and some other simple tasks after getting temporary crowns. She also describes her excitement at getting teeth that make her look better.

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Tennis Elbow

Various types of treatments are in practice for tennis elbow, which range from the rest to the joint to intra-articular injections into the joints to surgical procedures. Tennis elbow, being a self-limiting condition, often gets better on its own broth with or without treatment. Here we discussed about the 10 types of treatment options for those who seeking knowledge on Tennis Elbow injury.

1.Certain lifestyle alterations: The affected arm should be kept at rest as far as possible and avoid doing any activities which put extra stress on the tendons. Certain lifestyle modifications in daily activities will be of great help, like, the affected arm should restrain from movements like lifting, gripping or rotating. Lifting of a heavy object should be performed ensuring that our palms are facing upwards. This helps in reducing the stress on our wrist muscles. If possible, one can discuss with the employer for a change from a strenuous activity, which could cause pain and exacerbate the affected arm. While at work, it is recommended to take breaks at regular intervals. Tennis racquets should be of a proper size. Certain factors like, greater stringing tensions, playing on harder surfaces also are some of the risk factors to develop tennis elbow. Evaluation of stroke mechanics to make sure that the ball is being hit in the middle of the racquet; and that players are not leading the racquet with the elbow flexed, is necessary. To have a swing and racquet evaluation, one can consult a tennis instructor. One should find out the best possible measures to lower strain on the damaged tissue. This may require adopting certain tennis techniques, or taking some ergonomic measures at workplace to make sure that, the symptoms of tennis elbow are not aggravated by the movements of the wrist and forearm.

2.Medications: For the control of inflammation and management of pain, analgesics, such as paracetamol and ibuprofen, may be of help in mild cases of tennis elbow. However for severe pain, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, that is NSAIDs either as oral or topical preparations is prescribed. Aspirin and NSAIDs should be generally avoided in children below the age of 16 years. Because of side effects, like nausea and diarrhea, caused by oral NSAIDs, these topical creams or gels are preferred to relieve pain and decrease inflammation effectively. However, ketoprofen can cause photosensitivity reactions in some patients. Hence, while using ketoprofen, as well as for a period of two weeks after the treatment has completed, exposure of the affected area to sunlight should be avoided.

Tennis Elbow

3.Corticosteroid injections: A corticosteroid injection is usually prescribed, if the condition is very painful, and is making movements difficult. Corticosteroids contain steroids, known as cortisone, which is a type of hormone. This medication is injected directly into the most painful area around the elbow. A local anesthetic is used before the administration of the corticosteroid injection, in order to make the patient feel less pain at the time of the injection into the affected area. Though such injections provide significant relief to the patient, but care should be taken that such shots should not be repeated often. However, a research study has reported that the effect of corticosteroid injection therapy lasts only for a period of six weeks. Following a corticosteroid injection, the patient should keep the arm at rest, and avoid overstrain; normal activity should be started gradually in due course of time to avoid recurrence.

4.Elbow brace: Sometimes, wearing an elbow orthosis also known as an elbow cast; or a forearm strap or brace is effective. Sometimes, a splint , which is an elasticated band placed just below the elbow joint, supports the elbow and also promotes the healing of the tendons.

5Physiotherapy: Physiotherapy is usually recommended in patients who have severe and persistent symptoms of tennis elbow. Certain physical methods, like massage and manipulation; and simple stretching exercises strengthen the forearm muscles, promotes the healing process.

6.Thera-Band FlexBar: The use of a specific strengthening tool, known as Thera-Band FlexBar is in fact a new method of treatment for tennis elbow, and this tool is very effective in relieving the pain.

7.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy: Treatment with this method is still a matter of controversy. This method of therapy is to induce microtrauma to tissues, by making use of sound waves; which in turn stimulates the healing response and thus alleviates pain. However, studies have not reported any strong evidence in support of this method of treatment.

8.Autologous blood injection: One’s own blood is drawn from a vein, and is then injected into the affected tendon. This helps in the stimulation of the healing process. Some studies have reported this to be an effective method of treatment, but of course not better than other methods of treatment.

9.Platelet Rich Plasma , or PRP: A recent research in American Journal of Sports Medicine has reported the importance of a new kind of treatment for tennis elbow, known as Platelet Rich Plasma, which is commonly abbreviated as PRP. PRP is almost similar to an autologous blood injection. A small quantity of blood is drawn from a vein of the patient, which is then centrifuged for a period of 20 minutes. Most of the erythrocytes and plasma are removed, leaving behind a concentrated amount of blood platelets and related growth factors. Following the use of a local anesthetic to the region, this concentrate which is rich in blood platelets and growth factors, is then injected directly into the degenerated area of the tendon. This is usually performed under the guidance of ultrasound, to make sure about the perfection of the procedure.

10.Surgery: If the above-mentioned conservative methods of treatment fail to give relief, then the only surgical procedure is recommended as a method of treatment of tennis elbow. This usually involves the removal of the degenerated area of the tendon. Sometimes, the attachment of the damaged tendon is released. A repair of the healthy area of the tendon is sometimes also performed. However, apart from these surgical procedures, in some patients arthroscopy of the elbow is found to give successful outcomes.

The lady explains what stress is and how it takes over your mind. She explains stress with an example of the fight or flight reaction. She explains in detail what happens when stress overwhelms the body and it’s after affects.

She gives examples of symptoms displayed by people suffering from stress. She gives affects of stress divided according to physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, psychiatric symptoms. This is a nice video to help you understand the psychology of fear.

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Types of Arthritis

Osteoarthritis, commonly abbreviated as OA, and also sometimes referred to as wear and tear type of arthritis, or degenerative arthritis usually occurs as a result of the inflammation, degeneration as well as the ultimate loss of the cartilage present in the joints. Here is a brief description about some of the common types of arthritis. According to the studies conducted by the Arthritis Foundation, USA, osteoarthritis is found to be more prevalent in postmenopausal women, usually in women older than 50 years. Based on this fact, deposits of calcium, and bony growths in elderly people happens to be the major cause of this condition. Apart from this, the cartilage which gives protection to the joints in the body, also wear away with aging. Besides to repeated wear and tear of the joints, certain occupation such as heavy laborers who are involved in lifting of heavy weights, can also result in the overuse of joints, and thus can lead to osteoarthritis. Just similar to overuse of joints, even the underuse of joints for example, in sedentary persons can also cause osteoarthritis.

The presence of certain personal habits like smoking cigarettes, and consumption of alcohol is found to be directly linked with the development of osteoarthritis. Studies have reported that, there is about 5-10% decrease in the bone density by the time of menopause in a women who happens to smoke a pack of cigarettes each day throughout her adulthood, and this in turn leads to the development of osteoarthritis. Likewise, excessive consumption of alcohol, that is drinking more than three drinks each day, can also contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. In addition to this, osteoarthritis can also result due to obesity which exerts enormous strain on the joints of the body, particularly on the weight-bearing joints. Usually, hip and knee joints are affected by this type of arthritis.

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Types of Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis:
Studies conducted by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, commonly abbreviated as AAOS, reported that most commonly the joints in the hand and feet, are usually affected by rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune type of arthritis. But sometimes, elbow, shoulder, as well as neck joints may also be affected in this condition, and often joint swelling is quite remarkable. Recent studies have reported that, women in the age group of 40 and 50 are almost three times more susceptible to develop rheumatoid arthritis, when compared with same aged men. In fact, rheumatoid arthritis, commonly abbreviated as RA, accounts for approximately 1% of the global incident rates. Moreover, individuals with HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR4 serotypes are more liable to develop this disease, affecting mainly the synovial joints.

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis:
Commonly abbreviated as JRA, is another type of arthritis, an auto-immune disease, usually affecting children and adolescents. A broad spectrum of JRA is found, but only one joint may be involved in some patients, whereas many problems may be present in others. The knee is the most commonly affected joint in JRA.

Gouty arthritis:
Gout is a common inflammatory etiological factor found more frequently amongst males than in females. This is a metabolic disorder of purines, and results in hyperuricemia, an excessive accumulation of uric acid in the blood. This in turn leads to the deposition of urate crystals around various joints, leading to gouty arthritis. The great toe and the knee are the most commonly affected joints in this type of arthritis.

Pseudogout arthritis:
Pseudogout, as suggested by the name, this type of arthritis causes a condition similar to gout, but the primary problem is different. Pseudogout arthritis, which most commonly involves the knee joint, is mainly caused by the accumulation of calcium deposits within the joint.

Lupus arthritis:
Lupus arthritis is the most common clinical feature of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, commonly abbreviated as SLE. Like rheumatoid arthritis, SLE is an auto-immune disease in which the immune system of the body damages the joints. The hands, wrists, and knees, are the most commonly involved joints in SLE.

Psoriatic arthritis:
Psoriatic arthritis, also known as psoriatic arthropathy happens to be associated with a skin disease known as psoriasis. Recent studies conducted by the National Psoriasis Foundation have reported that, this type of arthritis is found to be prevalent in almost 30% of individuals with psoriasis.

Rifabutin-induced polyarthralgia arthritis:
Rifabutin is a drug used to treat tuberculosis. Recent studies have reported that, when rafabutin is given alone in high doses, which means about one gm per day, then it can result in the development of this type of arthritis. But, when given in low doses like 300-450 mg each day, along with clarithromycin; then it has been found that, clarithromycin in fact raises up the concentration of rifabutin in the plasma, and thus increases the risk of developing this condition.

Infective or septic arthritis:
This type of arthritis is commonly caused by bacteria, virus or fungi. Some of the common bacteria which cause infectious arthritis include, gram positive microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus, and Hemophilus influenze; and gram negative bacteria such as E. coli. In some drug addicts, who use intravenous route of administration, septic arthritis is usually caused by Pseudomonas bacteria, and in sexually active males by Neisseria gonorrhoeae; and in children by Salmonella group of bacteria. The spirochete which causes Lyme disease, also results in the development of septic arthritis. Some of the viruses which cause septic arthritis are hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, parvovirus B19, HIV or AIDS viruses, coxsackie viruses, etc. Some of the fungi which can cause septic arthritis of the feet include mainly histoplasma infection. A rare cause is plant thorn arthritis, which is also known as plant thorn synovitis, which causes arthritis, especially of the foot joint following a puncture by a thorn.

Reactive arthritis:
A form of chronic inflammatory disease, also known as Reiter’s syndrome is a type of arthritis, in which the feet are commonly affected.

Hemorrhagic Arthritis:
Certain blood disorders like hemophilia, and sickle cell anemia can cause hemorrhage within a joint causing joint inflammation, or arthritis.

Enteropathic arthritis:
This type of arthritis is a disease, which is linked with inflammation of the bowel or occurs following infection of the bowel by bacteria.

This is a video about a cosmetic procedure used for dental implants. Since appearance matters here, fine surgery is done using dental laser. Watch closely as the dentists directs the laser deftly to cut away pieces of the gum.

After removing the existing teeth, the well shaped false teeth are put in place. This procedure enhances the look giving a good smile as all the teeth are perfectly aligned. The final scene will show why laser is so important in cosmetic dental surgery.

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Symptoms of ADHD

The mere presence of symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattentiveness or impulsivity in a child, does not mean that the child is suffering from ADHD. If so, one should always consult a mental health specialist to know exactly about the symptoms of ADHD.

ADHD, commonly referred to as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is one of the most common psychiatric disorders found in children. Studies have revealed out that globally, about 3-5% of children are found to suffer from ADHD; and the incidence rate in the school-going children is about 2-16%. The common picture of a child suffering from ADHD, which comes into one’s mind is usually a child in continuous motion, vigorously active and disturbing almost everybody around.
Now let us have a look at the symptoms of ADHD, which usually develop in a child before the year of seven years. As indicated by the name, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD, individuals suffering from this disorder usually fail to respond spontaneously in almost all aspects, starting from movements, speech to alertness. However, sometimes it becomes quite difficult to differentiate between ADHD and the normal behavior of a child. It is quite normal for children to forget their homework, to have their heads in the clouds while in their classroom, perform something without thinking, or become restless at the dinner table. But if the symptoms persist across all situations may it be at home, place of education, or workplace; then one should definitely look into the matter seriously, and consult a doctor. Studies have reported that ADHD is two to four times more prevalent amongst boys, when compared with girls. This difference may be due to the subjective partiality of the concerned teacher.

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Symptoms of ADHD

There are three primary characteristic symptoms of ADHD, which include, inattentiveness, hyperactive behavior and impulsiveness. Depending on these characteristics, children with ADHD may be either:
A. Not attentive, but not hyperactive and impetuous.
B. Hyperactive and impetuous, but is attentive,
C. Hyperactive, not attentive as well as impetuous, which is the most common type of ADHD.

Children who have inattentiveness as the primary symptoms of ADHD, often face certain consequences such as misunderstandings with the teachers at school for not properly following their instructions, poor performance in academics, and often end up in quarrels with other children for not following the rules while playing. Often these children are referred to as troublemakers, and often condemned for being lazy and disobedient. However, symptoms of ADHD do not always include inattentiveness in all aspects; they do focus on topics in which they are interested, or enjoy while performing the same. But if the tasks are recurring, or if they feel bored doing the same; then they often skip from one task to another even without completing the previous one. Often they happen to skip certain important steps while performing any procedures. Similarly, they find it very difficult to maintain timings, and organize their school work. They lack concentration, and often get distracted by things happening around them. Other signs of inattentiveness of ADHD are lack of attention to details, making careless mistakes, failure in hearing when spoken to, forgetfulness and often forget the instructions given to them, getting confused easily and daydreaming, getting bored with a particular task before its completion, finding it very difficult to communicate information quickly and appropriately like others, frequent loss and misplacement of their books, toys, pencils or other items, etc.

Here is a brief description about the hyperactive symptoms of ADHD. Hyperactivity is the most typical sign of ADHD. Of course one cannot deny that, children are normally quite active. But children with hyperactive symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder usually find it very difficult to sit quietly in a place; they keep on moving. If forced to sit in a place, they usually shake their legs, tap their feet or start drumming with their fingers. Some of the other notable hyperactive symptoms of ADHD include, the affected child often wriggles and feels restless; often leaves his/her seat especially when in a classroom; nonstop talking habits; faces difficulty in playing quiet and relaxing games; is usually on a move; has a short temper, etc.

Here is a brief description about the impetuous symptoms of ADHD. These impulsive symptoms make these children with problems of self-discipline, because they often interrupt the conversation of others; occupy other child’s seat or place; ask unrelated and inappropriate questions in the class; make indiscrete remarks; ask personal questions, which are beyond their age limitation. Other common sigtns of impulsiveness include; they are usually impatient, and display their emotions without any self-control, act without thinking about the consequences; find it very difficult to wait for things, they like, or to wait for their turns while playing games; utter any answers in the class without waiting for their turn, or without listening to the whole question; speak the wrong things at the incorrect time; are usually unable to control their powerful feelings, and often result in angry outbreaks or bad temper; make guesses instead of trying to find a solution of a problem, etc.

Research studies have revealed out that there is a close relationship between ADHD in children and persistent bed wetting, as well as and delay in language development. About5% of children with ADHD seem to have certain anti-social behavioral disorders and condut disorders such as stealing inflexibility, being stubborn and adamant, deceitfulness,etc.

The symptoms of ADHD usually develop in early childhood, and may persist often till adulthood. According to the World Health Organization, nearly4.7% of adults in America live with ADHD. However these symptoms found in an adult is quite different from those found in the children. This is so, because of the result of the adaptive processes and mechanisms of prevention, which are learned during the course of socialization.

In fact, the following question will give a clear understanding about ADHD in children: Which of the following children have got the typical symptoms of ADHD?

A. The hyperactive child who talks continuously, and is unable to sit quietly in a place.
B. The child who daydreams, and keeps staring into the space.
C. Both a and b.
Well, the correct answer to this above-mentioned question is “c”.

This is a highly informative video about gluten allergy which many may be unaware of. A nutritionist gives information on gluten allergy and celiac disease. She elaborates on how this affects people and their choices of food. Gluten allergy can be very frustrating and a patient here spills out her experiences.

Watch this video to learn more about gluten allergy and how to cope with it. It will help you devise strategies to lead a more fruitful life as you learn to adjust to the allergic condition.

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Invisible Braces

Invisible braces, as the name suggests, are an invisible tool to correct and improve the alignment of your teeth. Perfectly aligned and white teeth behind the lips allow for an attractive smile. But many people do not have perfectly aligned teeth. They benefit immensely from these invisible braces. How these braces improve your smile is explained in the paragraphs below.

How invisible braces improve your smile

These braces are made after a 3D mapping of your mouth. A time frame is determined which will be required to correct the position of the non aligned teeth. Then a set of braces are prepared, each for a period of about two weeks. When fixed over the teeth, the braces force the teeth into the new pattern making them look well placed.

The procedure followed is the same as the normal metal braces. However metal braces can mar the looks of the person. Moreover they can cause injury to the teeth and the gums leading to infection. As against this, invisible braces are made of highly transparent but strong material. They can be worn tightly over you teeth for long periods. You must remove them while eating and brushing. They can also be greased well to avoid scratches and chipping of the teeth. Since they remain invisible they are hardly noticed and do not interfere with the natural looks of the wearer.

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Invisible Braces

A set of braces are prepared for a particular time frame. Each piece is worn for a particular period and then replaced by the next in series. The next sets of braces are designed to further align the teeth. This procedure slowly moves the teeth into the right position. Once the teeth are aligned properly, you have a better smile than before.

Advantages of invisible braces that help improve your smile

* There is little pain while wearing the braces, so they do not affect your smile. They can be slid easily over the gum. If sores develop, then wax can be applied to prevent them.

* Unlike the metal braces, they do not cause allergies, cuts and infections. Thus they are the best cosmetic fit to align your teeth and improve your smile.

* Oral hygiene is easy to maintain with these invisible braces as they can be removed easily for washing. This prevents accumulation of plaque which can affect your teeth and your smile.

* The problems of tooth injury and decay are reduced as there are no cuts. This help in maintaining the health of the teeth. Healthy teeth are good for your smile.

* The teeth can be flossed, brushed and cleaned with a thread normally allowing for better looking teeth. This only improves your smile.

* When you do not need them, they can be easily removed. This is very important to maintain the natural look of your teeth.

* The problem of cross biting can be corrected smoothly by using invisible braces. Moreover there is greater level of comfort with these braces compared to metal braces.

* The problem of muscle soreness that happens with some types of braces is much lesser with invisible braces. When your muscles are normal, you smile naturally without any difficulty.

Over a period of time, these invisible braces improve the arrangement of mal-aligned teeth to give you better looking teeth and smile. But the best part is that all this is done without the use of ugly looking metallic braces. The dentist can plan your treatment according to your comfort and order braces that suit your teeth.

This video explains with examples why children develop and display separation anxiety. It presents reasons for separation anxiety; reasons that are avoidable. This video explains in steps what people do to their children that create anxiety in them. Also given are steps to prevent separation anxiety in children

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Acne Scars Treatment

Several methods have been developed for acne scars treatment over the years. They range from surgery, to lasers to injections. This article gives a brief about the various methods that are being used by surgeons and dermatologists to remove a source of concern for many.

The different methods used in acne scars treatment are:

Surgery – excision, subcision and punch techniques;
Abrasion – dermabraison and microdermabraison;
Laser resurfacing – ablative lasers, non-ablative lasers, pulsed dye lasers and fractionated lasers;
Chemical peels – surface layer peels, medium depth peels, deep level peels;
Fillers – collagen, saline;

They are explained below.

I) Surgery – This involves cutting away the scar to expose the underlying skin layer. When the exposed bottom of the scar heals, it gains a color close to that of the surrounding skin. Various types of surgical methods are used.
1. Punch excision – This method is used for deep lying scars like boxcar scars and ice pick scars. The tool used is a round shaped cookie cutter which can be varied in size to match the diameter of the scar. Once the tool is adjusted for best possible match the surface of the scar and its walls are excised. The open wound is then stitched to seal it. If the scar does not go away completely then the surface is reshaped using laser resurfacing method.
2. Punch elevation – This method is used in scars that have steep edges. The base is scraped off and lifted up to the level of the surrounding skin. It is then sutured with the walls. This reduces the chances of residual visible scar after the surgery. This also reduces the chance of spots of color difference between the scarred region and its surroundings.
3. Punch excision followed by skin grafting – The base of the scar is removed. The cut away area is replaced by skin taken from another area. The fresh skin is grafted into the area left vacant by the scar excision. After healing there is a residual scar that can be dissolved by skin-resurfacing techniques.
4. Subcutaneous excision – This method is used in removing rolling scars that contain fibrous bands. It is also known as subcision. A special type of bevel needle is inserted just below the surface of the scar to sever the tethering fibrous bands. This destroys the scar internally but the procedure also creates a wound which can get infected. Hence precaution is necessary following the surgery.

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Acne Scars Treatment

II) Abrasion – This process involves filing off the surface of the scar with abrasives. The abrasives and the filed skin are sucked up through a vacuum pump. This improves the appearance of the skin.
1. Dermabraison – This method is used on shallow scars to cut away the surface layer and allow the healing process to bring a tone that resembles the surrounding skin. Often, when deep scars have been treated with excision technique, the residual scar is finished off with dermabraison. The patient is asked to protect his skin from sunlight for a few days following the surgery.
2. Microdermabraison – This is a finer technique and is used in minor shallow scars. A fine layer of the surface of the scar is sanded with abrasives. This gives a polished appearance to the skin. It can be combined with other peeling techniques for optimum effect.

III) Laser resurfacing – Lasers created using various types of diodes are used to burn away the surface layer of the scar. This method has also become a popular acne scars treatment method as the skin can be burned to a predetermined depth and allowed to heal. The healed skin resembles the surrounding skin closely. Several types of lasers are used.
1. Ablative laser – This is the most powerful laser used for re-surfacing. It uses carbon dioxide gas to create the laser. The other type of ablative laser used is Er:YAG or Erbium YAG laser. The CO2 is used in boxcar and ice pick scars which are deep scars. It burns off a deep layer of the skin hence the site must be protected after the surgery from sunlight and infection. The many side effects of this method are infection of the wound, discoloration or dyspigmentation and a hypertrophic scar. The burnt area can become white with permanent loss of pigmentation. Hence this method is not used on dark skinned people. This can also start acne, erytherma (red skin rashes) and edema (hydropsy, collection of fluid in the skin which makes it less elastic).
2. Non ablative laser – This laser method is used for shallow scars. It does not burn the surface of the scar but causes buildup of collagen just below the surface. There are fewer side effects from this method and the recovery time is short. However it cannot be used on moderate to deep scars.
3. Fractionated lasers – This laser is an advanced one as it does not cause pain. It acts on the water in the skin below the surface. The procedure can be completed quickly and within a few sessions. The only possible side effect is redness of the skin which lasts for a few days only. This is a non ablative laser.
4. Pulsed dye laser – This laser is primarily used in the treatment of acne. There are a few side effects. The number of sessions vary according to the severity of the acne.

IV) Chemical peels – This method involves peeling away the surface of the scar with abrasive chemicals. It can be done in three ways.
1. Superficial peeling – This is the quickest method of chemical peel and is carried out as an out patient procedure. This works only on shallow scars and the recovery period is short.
2. Moderate peeling – This is a moderate level of peeling and is used on moderate level scars. The peeling is slightly deeper than superficial scars hence about a week is required in healing.
3. Deep peeling – This method burns off the skin to a greater depth hence the recovery period can stretch to two weeks. This method is used on deeper scars as it is stronger. It is not used on people with dark skin as the skin will look lighter after the chemical peeling.

V) Fillers – This method works only temporarily and is one of the easiest acne scars treatment methods. Filler materials are injected in the scar tissue to make it appear smooth. The fillers can be collagen either the patient’s own or bovine collagen; saline injections, polytheyl-methacrylate microspheres mixed with collagen and derivatives of hyaluronic acid. The filler stretches the skin to make it appear smooth. Fillers need to be injected repeated and regularly over a period to maintain the look. Alternatively, a filler substance like saline can be injected and left in place in a balloon to allow the skin to stretch. When the skin has stretched enough, the scar is cut away and the stretched skin is sutured with the other end for a better appearance. The procedure can be finished either by laser resurfacing or through chemical peeling.

These are the methods used in acne scars treatment. To achieve the best results, surgeons may combine several of them. No single method can give the desired result in a single session and require a repetition for better results.

In this video a young lady speaks about her experience after recovering from a major depression. She speaks in detail about how she felt when she was depressed. She explains how she emerged from her depressed state with the help of a new kind of therapy. She tells us how she feels now after having come out of a hopeless situation.

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Gluten Intolerance Symptoms

 Gluten is a compound made of several non water soluble proteins. Due to its complex composition, many people find it difficult to digest and suffer from reactions. This article provides a list of symptoms exhibited when the body finds it intolerable. The gluten intolerance symptoms given here can help you become aware of this problem and seek proper care.

Since the body first interacts with gluten during the digestion process, most of these symptoms are concentrated around the digestive tract. Hence the symptoms can be grouped as belonging to the digestive tract or otherwise.

I Gluten intolerance symptoms related to the digestive tract

Soon after the food reaches the digestive tract, there is an adverse reaction in it which leads to symptoms such as – Abdominal bloating and distention, alternating periods of constipation and diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramping, lactose intolerance, indigestion and strange rumbling sounds in the stomach (Borborygmi) which may be due to the passage of gas in the intestines.

Moreover the affected person will also suffer from reflux of acid, flatulence which may be very foul smelling gas, vomiting or nausea. A special characteristic can be gray colored stool, the stool will also have a strong odor or stool with a high content of fat – a condition known as Steatorrhea. This causes the stool to float in water as the fat make it floats on the surface rather than sink.

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Gluten Intolerance Symptoms

The affected person will also develop mineral and vitamin deficiencies as the stomach will not be able to absorb minerals and vitamins due to the obstruction of the digestive and absorption process. The person will most probably lose weight but some people may instead gain weight. The nutritional deficiencies will also lead to stunted growth which can be noticed in physical and mental forms. Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and low Ferritin (low Iron content in blood) are also noticed.

The disruptions of digestive function will also result in fatigue and depletion of energy causing tiredness. Gluten intolerance also leads to a host of problems in the mouth such as – poor dental health, bad breath, weak or easily infected gums, the erosion of teeth enamel and the discoloration of the teeth. Sores in the mouth and lips split at the edges are also symptoms of gluten intolerance.

II Gluten intolerance symptoms related to the other parts of the body

Stunted growth both physically and mentally is a symptom which can be easily noticed. The stunted physical growth makes the person short. An affected person will suffer from autism, poor concentration (attention deficit disorder) and will be irritable. Anxiety and depression are also common. Headache, migraine, hyperactivity and schizophrenia are also noticed. Fluctuating behavior, mood swings and seizures will also be noticed in the person. A condition called Gluten Ataxia is also seen. The affected person will have difficulty in balancing and will find it difficult to coordinate his movements properly. Some affected people may even suffer from night blindness.

There are several bone and joint related problems too. They are – osteoporosis (weakening of the bones), pain in the joints, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (which is also known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis) and Sjogren’s Disease.

The affected person will also suffer from weak muscles along with cramping, tingling and numbing in certain areas in the body. This condition is known as Peripheral Neuropathy. Eczema, rashes (Dermatitis Herpetiformis), Turner Syndrome, Hives (Urticaria), Psoriasis, Rosacea, Acne and itching are some other symptoms. The skin will be easily bruised and some may even suffer from bleeding in their nose.

Women are particularly at risk as they can suffer from infertility, miscarriage, irregular menstrual cycles and delay in reaching puberty. Babies too are at a risk as their growth will suffer or slow down considerably till they are able to tolerate gluten to some extent. However many children adapt to this intolerance as they grow older.

III Gluten intolerance symptoms in babies

Babies who suffer from such intolerance display symptoms such as – crying soon after feeding, vomiting of the food or regurgitations at intervals, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, which can be one of the reason why the baby feels uncomfortable and starts crying), irritability and skin rashes, especially at the buttocks. Breastfeeding will help the baby develop tolerance levels for gluten, but it will not be erased completely. Older children often clutch their stomach if they feel discomfort and this can be taken as a symptom of upset stomach caused by gluten intolerance i.e. if this happens soon after feeding them food substances rich in gluten.

Gluten intolerance symptoms and the symptoms of celiac disease are common; hence they can be difficult to differentiate. You must realize that this is a chronic condition and may stay lifelong. As you grow over the years the symptoms may weaken or become too mild to cause much discomfort. However mild they are, these symptoms should not be ignored. A well planned diet is the only solution and possible option against this condition.

This is a video presentation by a Yoga instructor who shows simple and easy to do Yoga postures for back pain relief. She mentions the correct way of doing this stretching exercise whether at home or your office.

She lists precautions that need to be observed before doing this exercise. This simple technique can make a lot of difference.

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Alzheimer’s Disease

 Alzheimer’s disease, commonly abbreviated as AD, is the most common type of dementia.  In the year of 1906, it was first described by Alois Alzheimer in, who was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist.  Hence, this was named after him.

Management:  Studies have reported that, there is practically no cure for the disease.  As of 2012 , there are no concrete treatments available to stop or reverse the disease from progressing further.  Hence, as the disease progresses, the symptoms get worser, and finally results in death.  The current available treatments can be classified into pharmaceutical therapy, psychosocial therapy and caregiving.

Pharmaceutical:  Presently five drugs are used in the treatment of the cognitive signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease; amongst which four are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which are namely, tacrine, rivastigmine, galantamine, and donepezil; and the fifth one is memantine, which is an NMDA receptor antagonist.

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Alzheimer’s Disease

Two studies have reported the efficacy of medical marijuana in the inhibition of the progress of  Alzheimer’s disease.  THC, is the active ingredient present in marijuana, may help in the prevention of the formation of deposits in the brain which is related at this disease.  THC, when compared with the drugs available in the commercial market was found to hinder the action of acetylcholinesterase more effectively

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are found to be effective in reducing the rate of catabolism of acetylcholine, thereby increasing the concentration of acetylcholine in the brain and thus compensating the loss of acetylcholine resulting from the death of cholinergic neurons.  Donepezil, available in the market as Aricept, galantamine available in the market as Razadyne, and rivastigmine available in the market as Exelon are some of the cholinesterase inhibitors, which are approved for the management of AD symptoms.  There is substantial evidence for the efficiency of these drugs in mild to moderate degree of Alzheimer’s disease.  There is approval of only donepezil for the treatment of advanced stage of AD.  There is no adequate evidence that, the use of these drugs is effective in delaying the onset of AD, when administered to persons with mild cognitive impairment.

Memantine, available in the market as Akatinol, is a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist.  It was initially  utilized as an anti-influenza agent.  The action of this agent is  basically on the glutamatergic system.  It blocks NMDA receptors and hinders them from being overstimulated by glutamate.  There has been substantial evidence in the support of the efficacy of memantine in treating moderate to severe degree of Alzheimer’s disease.  However, its effectiveness in the initial stages of AD are not yet clear.  However, the combined therapy with memantine and donepezil has been found to be of statistical significance, but of only marginal clinical effectiveness.

Antipsychotic medications are of discrete use in lowering the aggressive and psychotic problems in Alzheimer’s disease with behavioral disturbances.  But as these medications are associated with severe side effects, such as cerebrovascular incidents, difficulties in movement, or cognitive deterioration, this makes their routine use inadvisable.  They are found to result in increased mortality rates, when used for a long duration.  Huperzine, though  sounds promising, requires further clinical trials before its use can be recommended.

Psychosocial interventions:  Psychosocial interventions are considered as an adjunct to treatment with medications, and can be divided into behavioral-oriented, emotion-oriented, cognition- oriented or stimulation-oriented approaches.  However, there is no available research on the efficacy of such psychosocial interventions.  Behavioral interventions are mainly aimed at the identification and reduction of the past experiences and consequences of problematic behaviors.  This is found to be effective in reducing certain behavioral problems like incontinence, but not very effective in certain behavioral problems like wandering, and in overall functioning.  Emotion-oriented interventions:  These include reminiscence therapy, validation therapy, supportive psychotherapy, sensory integration, which is also known as Snoezelen(a specifically designed room for sensory integration therapy), and simulated presence therapy.  Supportive psychotherapy is found to be effective in assisting people with mild impairment adjust to their disease.  Reminiscence therapy involves group discussions of previous experiences, or  discussions with the individual, with the help of photographs, household articles, music and speech recordings, etc.  Thus if found to be beneficial for cognition and mood behavioral problems.

Simulated presence therapy, as the name suggests, involves playing a recording with the speech of the closely attached relatives of the person with Alzheimer’s disease.  The fundamental of validation therapy is acceptance of the reality, whereas sensory integration involves exercises with an aim to stimulate the senses.  The cognition-oriented therapies involve reality orientation and cognitive retraining.  Reality orientation consists of the orientation of time, place or surroundings of the person with Alzheimer’s disease.  On the other hand cognitive retraining aims at improving impaired capacities, and cognition deficits.  Stimulation-oriented therapies include any form of recreational activities such as, art, music and pet therapies, practice of a regular exercise,etc…  The change in the person’s daily routine, through stimulation is found to be effective in improving behavior, mood, as well as function to a lesser extent.  However, there is little evidence in support of the efficacy of these therapies.

Caregiving:

As Alzheimer’s disease gradually renders the patients incapable of attending to their own needs, caregiving is mandatory in the treatment and management over the course of the disease.  During the early and moderate stages, certain modifications with slight changes in the lifestyle, such as the placing of safety locks, enables increase patient safety and reduce the burden of the caretaker.  When the patient becomes incapable to feed themselves, then the caretaker should break food into smaller pieces.  The necessity of a feeding tube usually arises at the time of swallowing difficulties, or with the progression of the disease.  During the final stages of the disease, palliative treatment is recommended to provide relief from discomfort until death.

This video is aimed at people who feel they are not beautiful. Following the instructions in this video can help them experience hypnosis where they will be further instructed on how to feel beautiful and better about themselves. It can help people who feel inferior, overcome their inferiority complex and lead better healthy lives.

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Mental Breakdown

There can be several reasons and causes for a mental breakdown. But when it comes to coping with it and actually overcoming it, you need one thing most – your willpower, your determination to come of this troubled state of mind and a willingness to resume your normal life. Mentioned in the paragraphs below are some things that you can do to cope with and then overcome a mental breakdown. Read on for a healthier resurgence and happy living.

To cope with mental breakdown, you need to follow these steps:

1) Understand your state and learn to accept it

2) Seek the right treatment

3) Seek support from people around you

4) Set realistic goals

5) Expect and learn to deal with setbacks

6) Keep track of your progress

These methods are explained in greater detail below:

1) Understand your state and learn to accept it

First of all you need to understand that not every situation is under your control, whether adverse or beneficial. And you also cannot control every other individual who can trouble you. Many of us struggle to control everything around us; keep failing and keep trying. This result is tension, frustration, anger and finally depression, which ultimately leads to a mental breakdown.

To avoid getting into this grind, you need to learn to accept some things, if not all, as they come. You have to tell yourself, it just happens and you cannot avoid it. Look around, there are a lot of others who are facing the same situation as you, do they all react in the same manner as you? Are all of them suffering from a mental breakdown? Not certainly. Some of them have learnt either to deal with it or to adjust to it; so can you. Some of them may have even overcome it; so can you.

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Mental Breakdown

When you know that there is definitely trouble coming your way, take a break from your intense focus, relax; take a deep breath and say to yourself – ok its coming, now let me look at how I handle it. This form of acceptance is the first step towards –understanding and finally deducing ways to cope with the problem. The willingness to accept the unavoidable can put you in a buffer zone wherein you get time to prepare yourself to brace for impact. Then you go through it with a single aim of emerging at the end. You have then prepared yourself mentally and have taken the first step in coping with mental breakdown.

2) Seek the right treatment

There is a range of medicines under allopathic treatment to help you cope with your condition. If you want to try alternate medicine then too you have a range of choices at your hand. Acupuncture, aromatherapy, homeopathy, spiritual healing, meditation, yoga, normal physical exercises, massages, reflexology, color therapy, crystal healing are all the ways you can try. But if you are not able to decide, then take the help of a psychiatrist or a psychologist first. They can either give you medicines or help you select the right kind of therapy according to your level of comfort.

Allopathic treatment may involve anti-depressants which can have certain side effects or can be addictive. Treatment with aromatherapy, massage, herbal therapy, or even meditation can be very effective. Therapies that include building your self confidence and reinvigorating your mind and body to deal with and overcome your state of breakdown are the best ways to cope with your situation.

Sometimes though, doing a rather active and rude exercise like shouting out loud, or running fast through at an open ground, or hitting a punching bad at a gym can release pent up frustration and bring you instant relief. But you must not make this a habit or, make the mistake of considering this a long term solution to cope with mental breakdown. It can only be dealt with and overcome through a calm, analyzing and balanced mind. You need to develop that attitude if you lack it. Read or watch movies or do a similar activity that will help you develop this attitude. Once you have it, then you will be ready for the next step.

If you are addicted to smoking, drinking or some other form of abuse, then give it up. You will never get anything healthy or beneficial out of these. Moreover these will only waste your precious money which you can rather use on buying a nice book, watching a movie, or going on a tour, etc. If you can’t think of anything beneficial to do, then try to keep your surrounding clean. Watching and living in a clean place can be very satisfying and will urge you to adopt clean habits.

3) Seek support from people around you

It always helps to seek support from the people close to you, especially your family and some of your close friends. Your supportive family is the best place to start looking for help. Share some of your thoughts about gloominess and ask them for advice. Ignore chiding remarks, hurtful comments and accusations. There will be someone who will be supportive and be ready to listen to you. If somebody listens to you honestly and you talk to them without hesitation then it acts like a valve to release pressure and frustration from your mind. Doing this over a period of time will automatically help you overcome your mental breakdown. If you are surrounded by people with an antagonistic attitude towards you, then you need to find new friends. Go out to a public place. Look at people. Observe how they deal with their problems and situations. You can also use the Internet to find answers to your doubts. Sometimes you can get lucky and can get genuinely sound advice.

Alternatively you can enroll into therapy classes that teach you how to bring back happiness in your life. When you have supporters who are willing to listen to your problems and help you choose a path towards solution, then you must make good use of it. Wailing in loneliness all the time is not going to help you in any manner. When you wail and lament about your breakdown, you trap yourself in self confinement; in a prison created in your mind and from which only you can release yourself.

Get yourself into some kind of activity. Exercises like jogging, running, fishing, gardening, dancing, singing, swimming, cycling, or a hobby that you enjoy. All these will bring about a mental relaxation and a sense of accomplishment. Such activities will also help decrease the amount of harmful hormones in your body and replace them with mood elevating hormones. This will act to balance out and ultimately overcome breakdown. If you like to go on long walks to explore nature then that is a nice way to relax. Not only will you feel refreshed and relaxed, it will also release some of the frustration and make your body healthier. Suffering from mental breakdown can be very taxing on your body and it suffers as much as your mind. Hence a little exercise will be very beneficial to your health. If you were the social type, then you can join a philanthropic activity and help others who are less privileged than you. Helping someone in need can be very satisfying. The best reward you can get from them is to see a smile of their faces. That smile will do wonders to you. Sometimes helping an elderly or a child can be very satisfying. A look of gratefulness in their eyes can be equally fulfilling and you can then be satisfied that you have done a good deed.

4) Set realistic goals

You can set yourself some goals to achieve. But these must be realistic. There is no point in doing something that will only add to your tension, then lament about it. Be pragmatic and try to do one thing at a time. Set short term goals that you can achieve with a little effort. Then add these up to set up yourself for a bigger goal.

You may be troubled by a lot of things around you. Try to solve them one at a time and choose the easiest ones first. That way, not only will you feel happy and boost your confidence, but at a later stage, you will notice that you have fewer problems to solve. This is the easiest way to solve problems and overcome difficult situations that have caused mental breakdown. And this is also the most sensible thing to do.

5) Expect and learn to deal with setbacks

Setbacks and failed expectations sometimes become part of some people’s lives. They find it frustrating to deal with repeated failures. It’s natural that at some point in time they suffer a mental breakdown.

When you are going through a phase of nervous breakdown, you must be practical. There are bound to be setbacks in your attempts to set things right. However you must not loose heart and instead use an analytical approach to solve the problem. If you get bogged down thinking over failures and slowdowns then you are only delaying your chances of finding solutions to your problems.

6) Keep track of your progress

Maintain a dairy. Pen down your thoughts and read them when you have free time on your hand. Recording your mood swings and reading them later will give you an insight into your own mind. It’s like going through a session with the hypnotherapist. Such records also help you keep track of what’s going on in your life and what you have been able to do till now. A diary can be a nice tool to show how much you have progressed over time and where you have failed.

A written record of the state of your mind and recorded in your own style is a nice way to find how much effort you have dedicated, the methods you used, the solutions you chose, the situations you faced while implementing these solutions and finally the outcome of your effort. Moreover you also get an idea of your mood swings.

You must be honest in your effort to record your thoughts and then analyze them at a later date. If you cheat, then you will only be cheating yourself. That way you won’t learn a thing and probably make the same mistakes repeatedly. What could have been a nice way to emerge out of mental breakdown could altogether fail and set you back by miles.

Mental breakdown can be torturous to the effected individual. But there are ways to cope with it and turn around the situation. The methods mentioned above are some techniques that can prove useful if you are willing to apply it wholeheartedly. Its up to you to emerge out of the darkness of a nervous breakdown. And you can if you have the will. You just need to try a little logically.

This video tells you how to help someone with depression. The author in this video explains in steps what you can do to help someone come out of depression. All these are simple things which you can do for your loved one or for your friends.

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Periodontal Disease,

Not many people may be aware of or understand what the term periodontal disease means, but most people certainly understand what gum disease is. Gum disease is progressive and occurs in stages – gingivitis, periodontis and advanced periodontist. The gum slowly wears out from around the teeth causing severe pain and ultimately the loss of the teeth itself. Hence it is necessary to know the symptoms of this disease. The paragraphs below provide a list of these symptoms.

Symptoms of periodontal disease

* Painful gums – the infected gum will be soft, swollen and painful. Pain can be felt while brushing, chewing (mastication) and when you drink hot or cold liquid. Some food items that contain spices or hot substances will cause severe burning and irritation during eating.

* Bleeding gums – the infected gums become loose and tear easily. As they tear easily, they will bleed, especially when brushing. Often severely affected gum will result in blood in the toothbrush and in the foam that you spit out while brushing. These are tell-tale signs of periodontal disease.

* Loose teeth – As the gum tears away from around the teeth, it become loose. This will also give rise to misaligned teeth and can be noticed by dentists.

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Periodontal Disease,

* Difficulty chewing – the loosened teeth will wobble during chewing causing you discomfort. You will feel something different while chewing food and will have to chew carefully and slowly to avoid pain.

* Bad breath – the infected gums cause bad breath. This may also increase as the disease progresses and may become severe. This condition is called Halitosis.

* Sores in the gums – the infected gums become soft and get easily infected. This gives rise to sores in the gums. These sores also develop pus as the white blood cells die while fighting infection. The sores will slowly spread and cause more teeth to get infected if not identified and treated immediately.

* Receding gums – the gum slowly peels away revealing a larger portion of the teeth. Your teeth may suddenly look larger than normal. This can be taken as an important symptom of periodontal disease. The edges of the gums will look red as they recede and will be painful to touch. You will notice deep valleys between the teeth and the gums where plague may accumulate.

* Gap between teeth – this happens as the gums recede and the teeth begin to move away from each other. As the teeth move away, gaps appear in between them. This will keep on increasing and result in weakened gums and the teeth. At a later stage you may also loose your teeth.

* Loose dentures – when the gums recede as a result of infection, they cause the dentures to become loose. The dentures will need to be adjusted frequently. If this happens, tell your dentist to check the health of your gums.

* Persistent bad taste in the mouth – this is a result of periodontal disease. The bacteria that accumulate in the infected sores affect the sense of taste in your mouth.

To avoid gum disease you need to follow a strict dental hygiene. The symptoms given here will help you check and prevent this disease.

The presenter in this video talks about focusing the eye on a larger picture rather than just looking straight and into a small picture. He mentions the relaxing advantage of training your eyes to look far beyond and wider preferably at a scenic location. This he says will help you relax your eyes.

Such eye exercises are often necessary to remove strain and maintain healthy eyes. It can also provide relief against stress and strain that you experience on your face.

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What Causes Acne

Acne is the culmination of a long process of activity in the pores of the skin. Though many people may relate oily skin and secretions with acne, not many are sure of the reason behind acne and often wonder what causes acne. In this article we provide the answer and explain it as well. The paragraphs below contain a detailed answer.

What causes acne

Acne is an infection caused by the bacterium Propionibacterium Acnes that lives on the human skin. It feeds on the oily secretion (sebum) on the skin. The excretion of sebum by the sebaceous glands is part of the normal activity of the skin. When this sebum is excreted in excess, it gets trapped in the pores of the skin. Since the Propionibacterium Acnes feeds on sebum, it finds the trapped sebum a fertile ground and multiplies rapidly. Its growth naturally attracts the leukocytes (white blood cells) in large numbers to fight the infection. While fighting the bacteria, the leukocytes produce an enzyme that punctures the wall of the pore causing the matter inside to leak into the surrounding tissue. Thus the Propionibacterium Acnes infection extends to the surrounding tissue resulting in the reddish inflammation as well as pustules. This bacterium then proceeds to breakdown sebum into fatty acids which aggravates the inflammation further. The end result is the ugly looking and annoying acne.

What Causes Acne

Reasons behind acne

Now you know what causes acne. But what leads to such excess production of sebum, the host for the Propionibacterium Acnes bacterium. Well there are a host of reasons. These are explained below.

1. Hormonal imbalance

Teenagers face the most problems with acne as their bodies are at a growth phase (adolescent phase) which causes the hormones to be produced in large quantities. Androgen (and sometimes estrogen) is produced in large quantity during the adolescent phase. This stimulates the sebaceous glands to work overtime and produce excess sebum. The excess sebum gets trapped in the pores and hair follicles giving rise to acne. Similarly pregnancy causes changes in the hormonal level in the bodies of women. That is why some pregnant women complain of acne.

2. Unhealthy diet

Processed foods, junk foods, oily foods and the like contain a lot of chemicals and fats. When these chemicals and fatty substances are absorbed into the body, they upset the natural healthy cycle of the body causing abnormal secretion of sebum. This can open the way for the Propionibacterium Acnes to infect and cause acne. People who eat a healthy diet with a balanced mix of vitamins, carbohydrates and proteins are less susceptible to acne. There is also a need to drink plenty of water to keep the skin well hydrated. A dry flaking skin can become oily and suffer from acne.

3. Hereditary

People who have a family history of acne are more likely have skin that produces of excess sebum. They are more prone to acne than those who have a history of clear skin.

4. Drug side effect

Several drugs that we take to cure one ailment can cause an unwanted side effect which can result in another ailment. One of these is acne. Steroid often cause acne as a side effect. Bromides, iodides, anti-convulsant, isoniazids, disulfuram, lithium, immuno-suppressants, barbiturates and corticosteroids etc, are some of the types of drugs that cause acne. Therefore before you start medication, you should become aware of the side effects and all that you can do to prevent them.

5. Makeup and cosmetics

Makeups and oil based cosmetics can be comedogenic. They clog the pores and follicles in the skin trapping the sebum inside. The trapped sebum then leads to acne. Hence its necessary to use water based makeup items and cosmetics. Such substances hardly clog the pores allowing for free secretion.

6. Pricking pimples

Most people love to prick their pimples to squeeze out the pus. While most pimples will heal harmlessly after being drained, deeply infected pimples can become severe and develop into acne. This happens as the pricking stimulates the production of more sebum, resulting in more infection and more leukocytes. The result can be an ugly looking pus filled pimple. This can lead to scarring at the site hence must be handled carefully.

What causes acne, can differ among people based on – geographical locations, races, dietary habits, environments, pollutions, hygiene, lifestyle, etc. A through understanding of the causative factors behind acne is necessary to derive a proper regimen to prevent and treat acne.

This video is a hypnosis session to help you get rid of your physical and mental pain. Following the hypnotist’s voice interspersed with a deep tone helps you enter a trance and hypnotize yourself. You can then go along with the voice and experience a better you.

When done you can bring yourself out of hypnosis and find a change in you. The voice of the hypnotist is heard regularly to help you keep yourself hypnotized. Use this video (or rather audio) to enhance yourself.

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Dust Mites

 Dust mites are microscopic organisms that cause powerful reactions in our bodies. They are known as Dermatophagoides. They feed on the dry skin we shed and can be found in all corners of the house as well as in all places used by human beings. The allergic reactions caused by dust mites are explained here.

Dust mites don’t cause allergic reactions directly. It is their feces that are the cause behind allergic reactions. The stomachs of the mites secrete digestive juices to digest the food matter in their stomach. When the digested and non digested matter is excreted out, it also contains juices used to digest them. The proteins present in the feces are seen as allergens by the body which then starts producing the antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE). The feces can be anywhere – on your bed, on the chair, on the sofa, on the curtain, on the table, etc. When we accidentally inhale or come into contact with the feces, our body reacts with allergy.

This can cause the following reactions.

1. Conjunctivitis

When the dry airborne feces of dust mites come into contact with the eyes, they elicit an allergic response from the body. There is no solid physical barrier to prevent deposition of foreign material over the eye. Whatever touches the eye gets washed down to the eyelid where tear is present. The tear contains histamines that can ignite an allergic response from the body. This is how allergic conjunctivitis is caused. Its symptoms include teary eyes, reddening of the eye, itching in and around the eye and sometimes a burning sensation in the eyes.

2. Hay fever (allergic rhinitis)

This is a collective term give to the response of the body which can be seen in various symptoms mostly centered at the face. The affected person will either have a blocked nose (nasal congestion) or will suffer from a runny nose. Teary eyes, sneezing, breathing difficulty, scratching of the nose are common. The skin will be itchy around the nose, eyes, throat or some other part of the body. Reduction in the ability to smell and difficulty hearing are also common. The face will become puffy especially around the eyes and there will be a mild headache. The allergic situation can get worse if the lungs are involved which will result in coughing. Affected people also find if difficult to sleep and may suffer from itching inside the mouth.

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Dust Mites
3. Eczema

This term means itching of the skin. Itching can either be localized, limited to the point of contact of the feces of dust mites, or it can cover a wide area. Apart from itchiness, the skin will appear red, weepy and will have a flaky appearance. There will be thin crusts formed over the affected area. Children are more prone to eczema from dust mites hence they should be protected from infantile eczema.

4. Allergic asthma

Asthma is difficulty in breathing caused by an allergic reaction to the proteins secreted by dust mites. The affected person will suffer from severe coughing, wheezing and a feeling of heaviness in the ribcage. If the allergen finds its way to the airway, then the allergic response will cause secretion of mucous and the airway will become inflamed. The muscles surrounding the airways become tight as a response to the presence of allergens. This makes breathing difficult. The upper respiratory passage will suffer the most as a result of the allergic reaction.

Allergies caused by dust mites occur year round and will be there unless the dwelling is cleaned thoroughly. To prevent dust mites allergy, places such as beds, sofas, carpets and curtains must be cleaned thoroughly and regularly. An allergy acquired during infancy can become a life long problem if it is not treated in time or if the source is not removed. Hence it is necessary to keep the baby’s bed extremely clean and hygienic.

To prevent allergic reactions caused by dust mites, you need to take preventive steps. There is no cure hence prevention is the best you can do. Once the source, the dust mite is removed, you will benefit immensely. Hence proper hygienic practices should be incorporated in your daily life.

This video provides tips to deal with depression and inject happiness in your depressed life. This video is a training to counter depression. Help is given in the form of tips, exercise techniques, diet facts, useful recreational activities, medical treatment, etc. The host elaborates on how these various techniques can help you come out of depression.

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With cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) the therapist applies his skills of negotiation and judgment and passes this on to his patient to help him understand his thoughts, actions and behavior, and helps him overcome his problems. This therapy provides a platform to the affected people to use to understand how their feelings, emotions and thoughts affect and influence their behavior. Thus it offers several advantages, both as a form of therapy as well as a behavior analysis method to the affected people. The advantages are listed below.

Advantages of cognitive behavioral therapy

* It can be used in the treatment of several mental disorders which exhibit varying degrees of behavioral and physical symptoms.

* It is very useful in the treatment of people suffering from phobias, aversions and social interaction problems.

It can also be used in the treatment and alleviation of addictions the persons are suffering with. This is especially useful when applied on smokers and substances abusers like drug addicts and alcohol users.

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* It can be used in the treatment of depression, anxiety and panic attacks.

* It can be used in patients who do not like taking medicines or have a fear of becoming addicted to medicines.

* It can be used successfully in treating post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic pain system and chronic fatigue symptom also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis.

* It can be used successfully in the treatment of sexual dysfunctional problems or relationship problems caused by such.

* It can be used in the treatment of problem behavior or rash behavior common in children and teenagers. This therapy can also be used in enhancing the self esteem of weak teenagers and help them develop confidence.

* It has been used to treat problems of loss of sleep or intermittent sleep which are common in many people.

* It can also be used in the treatment of psychiatric problems like obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette Syndrome.

* It can be used to reduce the frequency of mood swings that affects a lot of people especially the elderly. CBT can be used to treat psychological problems across the age group. Reducing mood swings can help in the reduction of conflicts within the family and bring stability in relationships.

* It provides emotional support to those who need it the most, i.e. those who suffer from a lack of emotional support. This category can include the meek, the elderly and the troubled.

* It can also help students improve their behavior at school and improve their performance in studies.

* It can be used as a new method of learning and training. When used as such, it can be a successful model that can be implemented in schools and be made part of the school’s curriculum. When used as a group therapy, it can fill in the gap created by lack of individual focus and attention, which can be a problem at schools.

* People who do not have a clear focus or aim in their lives will benefit immensely as CBT will help them set their goals and focus on achieving those goals.

Cognitive behavioral therapy can be a useful tool to overcome several problems that affect a large number of people today. The points mentioned here are an indication of the advantages CBT offers.

This video is a demonstration of the mini dental implant insertion procedure. The mini dental implant can be used to stabilize dentures as well as crowns. As this animated video plays out, you learn how the implant is inserted and screwed into the bone.

This video shows the fine drilling piece used for the purpose and how finer alignment is done. It shows how the mini dental implants are inserted in the gingibule tissue.

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Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is an improvement over Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and is used to treat people suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) which is also known as Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD). This method of treatment was developed by Marsha Linehan.

The need for DBT was felt as many people undergoing treatment with CBT felt that it did not address their basic concern – their sufferings and the failure to take control over their lives. As CBT focused entirely on bringing about a change in behavior, the cause of the abnormal behavior was not addressed. Hence patients who have suffered from extreme conditions and were highly emotionally sensitive, found it repressive, stressful and annoying.

But DBT addresses these concerns and has an “It’s OK” approach, which makes the patients feel relaxed; who then feel encouraged to take the next step – self improvement and a change in approach towards solving the problems. Hence there are several benefits in this method of treatment. These benefits are mentioned and explained below.

Benefits of Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Since the emphasis is on understanding and encouragement, this method proves successful in weaning away the highly stressful and those with a self destructive tendency.

* DBT is successful in treating patients showing self harming behavior. This is immensely helpful in case of women who are often susceptible to this condition. It reduces such self destructive tendencies and helps them realize the harm they cause to themselves.

* DBT reduces suicidal tendencies in patients who are prone to such. This therapy increases the tolerance levels for stress and reduces impulsivity.

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Dialectical Behavior Therapy

* DBT helps regulate emotions making it possible for the patient to first understand his condition, then gain control over the intensity of his emotions. This also helps in reducing the explosive reactions in the patient.

* DBT brings about a focus in the wavering wandering minds of the highly stressed people who will be suffering from extremes of emotions. This also directs the patient on to the path of understanding his surroundings and finding a way to solve his problems.

* DBT is especially useful in tackling problems and adverse behaviors in teenagers as it provides them some form of relief instead of forcing them into accepting some corrective form of behavior which they feel is being imposed on them from the outside. The rebellious and brash nature or meek nature common in highly emotional teenagers can be reduced. This will provide an avenue to the teenager to use to solve his problems.

* DBT is helpful in reducing the feeling of hopelessness that forms the basis of stress and extreme emotions in many disturbed people. Once this is done, CBT can be used to encourage them to adopt a different perspective.

* DBT is also very useful in people who get trapped in substance abuse, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and depression as it explains to them that such actions are not in their best interest and does them harm instead of good.

* DBT improves interpersonal relationships in people who are victims; who have had to endure a lot of stress and bad times. This helps them get together with their families, friends, relatives, neighbors and other loved ones.

* DBT reduces animosity and interference between the patient and his doctor. Such a feeling proves a hindrance during treatment and will not help the doctor treat the patient. With a more relaxed approach under DBT, the patient will find it easy to understand the CBT processes and accept them.

* Increases the self respect in the minds of the patients.

* Enables the patient to better handle post traumatic stress and lead a meaningful life. This is also the reason why DBT is very useful in treating borderline personality disorder.

Dialectical behavior therapy fills the gap which can prevent the failure of the CBT approach. It improves the relationship between the treating doctor and his patient, thus enabling both to understand each other and work towards improvement. With this different approach, it is no wonder that DBT has helped many who would have otherwise remained cut off.

This video features David Childerley who explains how to balance and counter your fears with safety and protection. He explains this as a Balance Procedure. He explains how to use breathing to overcome your fears and bring about a feeling of safety.

He explains the benefits of the techniques and how you can use these in overcoming fear. As the name suggest, this is really a balancing technique making use of the good versus the bad.

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A chemical peel is used to enhance the appearance of those who have an unsightly growth on their face or on other exposed parts like their hands and the neck. This is a cosmetic procedure and is superficially invasive as it is used to peel off the skin. Like all other procedures, there are benefits and side effects. Given below are details on how this works as well as how it affects the people who undergo this procedure.

When and why is a chemical peel used?

Peeling off of the skin using chemicals offers certain advantage. Hence it is used to –

* Enhance the appearance of the skin that appears dull and old. Old skin can be made smoother and brighter using a chemical peel.

* Reduce wrinkles and other signs of aging as well as damages caused to skin as a result of exposure to natural elements. Other skin conditions like age spots, dark patches caused by side effects of medicines, freckles, wrinkles, sun burns, hereditary effects on the skin etc. can all be reduced to a great extent through chemical peeling.

* Reduce ugly looking scars and the effects of acne.

* Improve the appearance of those who are very concerned about their looks.

* Reduce the effect of sun damage to the skin like pre-cancerous skin lesions (keratoses included) and the associated dangers.

Since this method does not result in major changes to the body, it is performed as an outpatient procedure. The patient goes home with an advice to protect his skin from dryness, exposure to sunlight and any form of infection. Chemicals used in skin peeling leave a light colored skin hence those with dark skin are advised against using this procedure. People with fairer skin do not have to face the problem of a change in appearance following this procedure.

How to prepare for a chemical peel?

Those who choose to undergo a chemical peel must temporarily stop taking drugs that can interfere with the chemicals that will be applied to the skin. The dermatologist who will be carrying out the chemical peel may prescribe some medicines to prepare the skin and prevent infections. If the person is on medication or has undergone any other form of treatment in the area, then he must inform this to the dermatologist. He must also inform him about any cold sores or herpes that he may have or had in the past.

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How does a chemical peel work?

Depending on the type of treatment required and the depth to which the chemical will be absorbed by the skin, it can be divided into three types –

Superficial peel – only the surface layer of the skin is exfoliated;

Moderate peel – the epidermal layer and the one immediately below it is peeled;

Deep peel – the chemical is allowed to seep to a greater depth below the epidermis and a large part of the skin is peeled off.

The area where the chemical is to be applied is washed and cleansed thoroughly with a dissolving solution to remove excess oil from the skin, dirt and sweat. Then the chemical is applied on the skin which burns away the surface layer or to the depth to which the chemical seeps into the skin. Once enough skin has been peeled, the chemical is washed off. The residual chemical that remains inside the skin is neutralized by applying a moisturizing cream.

The chemicals that are used to peel the skin are – glycolic acid, phenol (carbolic acid), salicylic acid, trichloroacetic acid and sometimes lactic acid. Mostly AHAs (Alpha Hydroxy Acids) are used and the most common among these is the glycolic acid. AHAs are carboxylic acids that can be seen in plants, fruits and milk. When using natural remedies like facials and creams, carboxylic acids act to improve the condition of the skin. The other types of acid that are used for chemical peel are – citric acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid.

Glycolic acid acts by exfoliating the epidermal layer which then stimulates the growth of collagen. They are irritating; hence care is required during and after the peeling. Citric acid acts very mildly on the skin and the peel is much less. Tartaric acid is used in place of the other chemicals. Lactic acid peels mostly exfoliates dead skin from the spot where it’s applied. Malic acid is used in skin suffering from acne as it can exfoliate the dead upper skin and as it cleanses the pores in the skin. Compared to the other types of acid, this penetrates to a greater depth and hence is more invasive. That is why it’s used to clear acne scars.

Nowadays, BHA or Beta Hydroxyl Acids are used as they penetrate to a greater depth and cleanse the pores much better than AHAs. Salicylic acid is used when BHA method is used for exfoliation.

What are the after effects of chemical peel?

The spot where the chemical is applied will suffer from discoloration temporarily. The skin suffers a wound at the spot where the chemical is applied and this spot becomes raw. It is exposed to the natural elements and can easily get sun-burnt or infected. The skin should not be scratched immediately after the peeling.

The skin appears red due to the wound on the skin and the skin may become scaly. The scales will fall off in a few days following the peel. The peeled spots will naturally look different from the surrounding areas. In some people this change in color can become permanent. Certain bodily conditions, either as a result of being genetically inherited or due to some changes in the body, can cause permanent discoloration of the spots treated with a chemical peel. Moreover, people who are sensitive to the action of chemicals may develop a scar at the spot where the chemical was applied. The treated spots can become prone to scarring. However this new scar can be easily treated.

People who have suffered from herpes may develop cold sores following a chemical peel. This can be treated with drugs which the dermatologist will prescribe either before or after the peeling.

A chemical peel is carried out after extensive tests to determine how the person will react. Several parameters are analyzed before the actual peel. No matter what chemical is used, those undergoing the treatment must take adequate precautions to prevent complications.

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